Bell Lee, Strafford Ben William, Coleman Max, Androulakis Korakakis Patroklos, Nolan David
Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S10 2BP, UK.
Department of Exercise Science and Recreation, Applied Muscle Development Laboratory, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY, USA.
Sports Med Open. 2023 Sep 21;9(1):87. doi: 10.1186/s40798-023-00633-0.
Deloading is a ubiquitous yet under-researched strategy within strength and physique training. How deloading should be integrated into the training programme to elicit optimal training outcomes is unknown. To aid its potential integration, this study established consensus around design principles for integrating deloading in strength and physique training programmes using expert opinion and practical experience.
Expert strength and physique coaches were invited to an online Delphi consisting of 3 rounds. Thirty-four coaches completed the first round, 29 completed the second round, and 21 completed the third round of a Delphi questionnaire. In the first round, coaches answered 15 open-ended questions from four categories: 1: General Perceptions of Deloading; 2: Potential Applications of Deloading; 3: Designing and Implementing Deloading; and 4: Creating an Inclusive Deloading Training Environment. First-round responses were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis, resulting in 138 statements organized into four domains. In the second and third rounds, coaches rated each statement using a four-point Likert scale, and collective agreement or disagreement was calculated.
Stability of consensus was achieved across specific aspects of the four categories. Findings from the final round were used to develop the design principles, which reflect the consensus achieved.
This study develops consensus on design principles for integrating deloading into strength and physique sports training programmes. A consensus definition is proposed: "Deloading is a period of reduced training stress designed to mitigate physiological and psychological fatigue, promote recovery, and enhance preparedness for subsequent training." These findings contribute novel knowledge that might advance the current understanding of deloading in strength and physique sports.
在力量和体能训练中，减量训练是一种普遍存在但研究不足的策略。目前尚不清楚应如何将减量训练纳入训练计划以获得最佳训练效果。为了促进其潜在的整合，本研究利用专家意见和实践经验，围绕在力量和体能训练计划中整合减量训练的设计原则达成了共识。
邀请力量和体能训练专家教练参加一个由三轮组成的在线德尔菲法。34名教练完成了第一轮，29名完成了第二轮，21名完成了第三轮德尔菲问卷。在第一轮中，教练们回答了来自四个类别的15个开放式问题：1：对减量训练的总体认知；2：减量训练的潜在应用；3：设计和实施减量训练；4：营造包容的减量训练环境。使用反思性主题分析法对第一轮的回答进行分析，得出138条陈述并分为四个领域。在第二轮和第三轮中，教练们使用四点李克特量表对每条陈述进行评分，并计算集体同意或不同意的程度。
在这四个类别的具体方面达成了共识的稳定性。最后一轮的结果被用于制定设计原则，这些原则反映了达成的共识。
本研究就将减量训练纳入力量和体能运动训练计划的设计原则达成了共识。提出了一个共识定义：“减量训练是一段训练压力降低的时期，旨在减轻生理和心理疲劳，促进恢复，并增强对后续训练的准备。”这些发现贡献了新的知识，可能会推进目前对力量和体能运动中减量训练的理解。
