National Centre for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India.
Protein Biochemistry Laboratory, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India.
Anaerobe. 2022 Oct;77:102626. doi: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102626. Epub 2022 Aug 14.
The landfill is a convenient and affordable method of municipal solid waste (MSW) management. Landfill leachate contains a heavy load of pollutants and pathogens. Discharge of untreated leachate is the leading cause of surface and groundwater contamination and a threat to public and environmental health. To develop an efficient leachate treatment technology, an in-depth understanding of landfill chemistry and microbiology is essential. In the present manuscript, we conducted a comparative study of three different landfill leachate samples using cultivation-based and culture-independent molecular studies. We cultivated 85 species of aerobic, anaerobic bacteria and archaea from leachate represented by a total of 200 strains using extensive culturomics approaches. Twelve out of 200 cultivated strains of bacteria showed very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (84-98.6%) with their closest relatives and could be the potential novel taxa, the first time cultivated from leachate. Members of the six genera only have 2-5 representatives from past studies from other habitats but first time cultivated from leachate. In addition to bacteria, we also cultivated and characterized different groups of methanogenic archaea. Our chemistry data indicate that leachate is a highly stressed ecosystem with an assemblage of many toxic wastes like sulfur, zinc, mercury, chromium, etc. 16S rRNA gene-based amplicon analysis showed the dominance of (30-55%) methanogens and haloarachaea. Our data suggest that archaea are the significant regulators of leachate ecology, and more in-depth studies with multiple leachate samples are required to understand their role in leachate nutrient cycling and the development of effective leachate treatment technology.
垃圾填埋场是城市固体废物（MSW）管理的一种便捷且经济实惠的方法。垃圾填埋场渗滤液含有大量的污染物和病原体。未经处理的渗滤液排放是地表水和地下水污染的主要原因，对公众和环境健康构成威胁。为了开发高效的渗滤液处理技术，深入了解垃圾填埋场的化学和微生物学是必不可少的。在本手稿中，我们使用基于培养和非培养的分子研究方法对三种不同的垃圾渗滤液样本进行了比较研究。我们使用广泛的培养组学方法，从渗滤液中培养了代表总共 200 株的 85 种好氧、厌氧细菌和古菌。从渗滤液中培养的 200 株细菌中有 12 株的 16S rRNA 基因序列相似性（84-98.6%）非常低，与它们最接近的亲缘关系为潜在的新分类群，这是第一次从渗滤液中培养出来的。过去从其他生境研究中，这六个属的成员只有 2-5 个代表，但这是第一次从渗滤液中培养出来的。除了细菌，我们还培养和表征了不同的产甲烷古菌群体。我们的化学数据表明，渗滤液是一个高度应激的生态系统，含有许多有毒废物，如硫、锌、汞、铬等。基于 16S rRNA 基因的扩增子分析表明，产甲烷菌和盐杆菌的丰度最高（30-55%）。我们的数据表明，古菌是渗滤液生态的重要调节者，需要对更多的渗滤液样本进行更深入的研究，以了解它们在渗滤液养分循环和开发有效的渗滤液处理技术中的作用。
