Kivelä S L, Nissinen A, Punsar S, Puska P
J Clin Psychol. 1987 May;43(3):318-27. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(198705)43:3<318::aid-jclp2270430304>3.0.co;2-z.
Regional and age differences in the reliability and factor structure of the SDS among elderly (65-84 years) men who were living either in eastern or in southwestern Finland were investigated. The Cronbach alpha coefficient was .803 for the eastern and .809 for the southwestern cohort; these figures were reasonably high. The tendency found was for the coefficient to be somewhat higher for the old (75-84 years) than for the young-old (65-74 years) population. In investigating the factor structure, a principal components factor analysis was performed, and the remaining factors were rotated using the orthogonal Varimax rotation algorithm. Three factors emerged for young-old men in the East, for young-old men in the Southwest and for old men in the Southwest, and four factors for old men in the East. The factor patterns of the first two factors showed similarities in both regions, but their order was different. "Loss of self-esteem" accounted for more of the common variance in the East and "agitated mood" in the Southwest. The differences in the third factor between the two regions were evident.
对居住在芬兰东部或西南部的65至84岁老年男性中，抑郁自评量表（SDS）的信度和因子结构的区域及年龄差异进行了调查。东部队列的克朗巴赫α系数为0.803，西南部队列为0.809；这些数字相当高。研究发现，老年人（75至84岁）的系数往往比年轻老年人（65至74岁）略高。在调查因子结构时，进行了主成分因子分析，并使用正交方差最大化旋转算法对其余因子进行旋转。东部的年轻老年人、西南部的年轻老年人以及西南部的老年人中出现了三个因子，东部的老年人中出现了四个因子。前两个因子的因子模式在两个地区都有相似之处，但顺序不同。“自尊丧失”在东部占共同方差的比例更大，而“情绪激动”在西南部占比更大。两个地区在第三个因子上的差异很明显。
