Jones T C, Johnson W D, Barretto A C, Lago E, Badaro R, Cerf B, Reed S G, Netto E M, Tada M S, Franca T F
J Infect Dis. 1987 Jul;156(1):73-83. doi: 10.1093/infdis/156.1.73.
A five-year prospective study of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic area of Brazil revealed an annual incidence of disease of 8.1 per 1000 inhabitants and a prevalence of 14.9%. The disease fluctuated as a series of mini-epidemics. Most disease occurred in individuals who were 10-30 years of age. Mucosal disease occurred in 2.7% of patients with primary lesions and occurred a median of six years after this lesion. Disease was more common in males, in those with either large or multiple antecedent skin lesions, and in those with incomplete antimony therapy for the primary lesions. An ELISA was positive in 85% of those tested during the first two years after the primary lesion and remained positive for five to 40 years in 27% of patients. Skin testing was positive in 96% of patients with recent lesions and remained positive in 70% of patients. All patients with mucosal disease had positive serological and skin tests.
在巴西一个地方病流行区对皮肤利什曼病进行的一项为期五年的前瞻性研究显示，该病的年发病率为每1000名居民中有8.1例，患病率为14.9%。该疾病呈一系列小流行波动。大多数病例发生在10至30岁的个体中。2.7%的原发性皮损患者发生黏膜疾病，且在原发性皮损出现后中位数六年发生。疾病在男性中更常见，在有大面积或多处既往皮肤病变的人群中更常见，以及在原发性皮损接受不完全锑剂治疗的人群中更常见。在原发性皮损后的头两年，85%的检测者ELISA呈阳性，27%的患者在五至40年期间仍呈阳性。近期皮损患者中96%皮肤试验呈阳性，70%的患者仍呈阳性。所有黏膜疾病患者的血清学和皮肤试验均呈阳性。
