Badaró R, Jones T C, Lorenço R, Cerf B J, Sampaio D, Carvalho E M, Rocha H, Teixeira R, Johnson W D
J Infect Dis. 1986 Oct;154(4):639-49. doi: 10.1093/infdis/154.4.639.
The epidemiology, clinical patterns, and risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis were prospectively studied in an endemic area of Brazil. The prevalence of disease was 3.1% for children less than 15 years of age, and the annual incidence was 4.3 cases per 1,000 children. The number of children with disease fluctuated yearly and seasonally, and distribution of the disease varied within the endemic area. Risk factors included young age (median, three years) and malnutrition before the onset of disease. Intestinal parasitism, recent migration into the area, and house location within the area did not influence the progression of infection to disease. Serological testing indicated that 7.5% of children were infected with Leishmania each year and that the ratio of disease to infection was 1:18.5 for the whole area and 1:6.5 for the section with the highest prevalence of disease. Early diagnosis and therapy altered clinical patterns of the disease.
在巴西的一个流行地区，对内脏利什曼病的流行病学、临床特征和危险因素进行了前瞻性研究。15岁以下儿童的疾病患病率为3.1%，年发病率为每1000名儿童4.3例。患病儿童数量呈年度和季节性波动，且疾病分布在流行地区内有所不同。危险因素包括年龄小（中位数为3岁）以及疾病发作前的营养不良。肠道寄生虫感染、近期迁入该地区以及房屋在该地区的位置并不影响感染向疾病的进展。血清学检测表明，每年有7.5%的儿童感染利什曼原虫，整个地区疾病与感染的比例为1:18.5，疾病患病率最高的区域该比例为1:6.5。早期诊断和治疗改变了该病的临床特征。
