Department of Agricultural Finance and Banking, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
Vinod Gupta School of Management, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Jan;30(3):5825-5846. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-22555-2. Epub 2022 Aug 18.
The global warming issue arises from climate change, which draws scientists' attention toward cleaner energy sources. Among clean sources, renewables and nuclear energy are getting immense attention among policymakers. However, the significance of nuclear energy in reducing CO emissions has remained ambiguous, necessitating further research. Therefore, the present study draws impetuous attention to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals-7 (affordable clean energy) & 13 (climate change mitigation) by looking at the relationship between energy mix (fossil fuels, renewables, and nuclear), economic growth, technological innovation, and CO emissions in Mexico from 1980 to 2019 using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. In addition, to assess the direction of causality, this study applied wavelet techniques and spectral causality. The findings affirm that renewable and nuclear energy use and technological innovation tend to curb CO emissions, whereas fossil fuel consumption and economic expansion trigger CO emissions. The study lends support to the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) phenomenon in Mexico. The FMOLS and DOLS tests show that our long-run estimates are reliable. In different time scales, the wavelet coherence result is also consistent. Finally, the results of the spectral causality approach demonstrate a significant causal association between the variables tested at various frequencies. As a result, in order to achieve SDGs 7 and 13 and support an environmentally friendly ecosystem, Mexico's energy mix must be changed to renewables and nuclear.
全球变暖问题源于气候变化，这引起了科学家对清洁能源的关注。在清洁能源中，可再生能源和核能受到政策制定者的广泛关注。然而，核能在减少 CO 排放方面的重要性仍然存在争议，需要进一步研究。因此，本研究通过使用自回归分布滞后 (ARDL) 模型，从 1980 年到 2019 年考察了墨西哥能源结构（化石燃料、可再生能源和核能）、经济增长、技术创新与 CO 排放之间的关系，从而引起了人们对联合国可持续发展目标 7（负担得起的清洁能源）和 13（缓解气候变化）的关注。此外，为了评估因果关系的方向，本研究应用了小波技术和谱因果关系。研究结果证实，可再生能源和核能的使用以及技术创新往往会抑制 CO 排放，而化石燃料的消耗和经济的扩张则会引发 CO 排放。该研究支持墨西哥存在环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC）现象。FMOLS 和 DOLS 检验表明，我们的长期估计是可靠的。在不同的时间尺度上，小波相干性结果也是一致的。最后，谱因果关系方法的结果表明，在不同频率下测试的变量之间存在显著的因果关系。因此，为了实现可持续发展目标 7 和 13，并支持有利于环境的生态系统，墨西哥的能源结构必须向可再生能源和核能转变。
