Adebayo Tomiwa Sunday, Awosusi Abraham Ayobamiji, Kirikkaleli Dervis, Akinsola Gbenga Daniel, Mwamba Madhy Nyota
Faculty of Economics and Administrative Science, Department of Business Administration, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, TR-10, Mersin, Turkey.
Faculty of Economics and Administrative Science, Department of Economics, Near East University, Northern Cyprus, TR-10, Mersin, Turkey.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Aug;28(29):38969-38984. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13498-1. Epub 2021 Mar 20.
Following the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs), which place emphasis on relevant concerns that encompass access to energy (SDG-7) and sustainable development (SDG-8), this research intends to re-examine the relationship between urbanization, CO emissions, gross capital formation, energy use, and economic growth in South Korea, which has not yet been assessed using recent econometric techniques, based on data covering the period between 1965 and 2019. The present study utilized the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL), dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) methods, while the gradual shift and wavelet coherence techniques are utilized to determine the direction of the causality. The ARDL bounds test reveals a long-run linkage between the variables of interest. Empirical evidence shows that CO emissions trigger economic growth. Thus, based on increasing environmental awareness across the globe, it is necessary to change the energy mix in South Korea to renewables to enable the use of sustainable energy sources and establish an environmentally sustainable ecosystem. Moreover, the energy-induced growth hypothesis is validated. This result is supported by the causality analysis, which shows a one-way causality running from energy consumption to GDP in South Korea. This suggests that South Korea cannot embark on conservative energy policies, as such actions will damage economic progress. Additionally, a unidirectional causality is seen from CO emissions and energy consumption to economic growth. These findings have far-reaching consequences for GDP growth and macroeconomic indicators in South Korea.
联合国可持续发展目标（UN-SDGs）强调了包括能源获取（可持续发展目标7）和可持续发展（可持续发展目标8）在内的相关问题。本研究旨在重新审视韩国城市化、二氧化碳排放、总资本形成、能源使用和经济增长之间的关系，此前尚未使用最新计量经济学技术对此进行评估，所依据的数据涵盖1965年至2019年期间。本研究采用了自回归分布滞后（ARDL）、动态普通最小二乘法（DOLS）和完全修正普通最小二乘法（FMOLS）方法，同时利用逐步转移和小波相干技术来确定因果关系的方向。ARDL边界检验揭示了相关变量之间的长期联系。实证证据表明，二氧化碳排放推动经济增长。因此，基于全球范围内不断提高的环境意识，韩国有必要将能源结构转变为可再生能源，以实现可持续能源的利用，并建立一个环境可持续的生态系统。此外，能源诱导增长假说得到了验证。因果关系分析支持了这一结果，该分析表明韩国存在从能源消费到国内生产总值的单向因果关系。这表明韩国不能采取保守的能源政策，因为此类行动将损害经济发展。此外，还发现从二氧化碳排放和能源消费到经济增长存在单向因果关系。这些发现对韩国的国内生产总值增长和宏观经济指标具有深远影响。
