Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Curr Biol. 2022 Sep 26;32(18):4025-4039.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.054. Epub 2022 Aug 18.
The maturation of sleep behavior across a lifespan (sleep ontogeny) is an evolutionarily conserved phenomenon. Mammalian studies have shown that in addition to increased sleep duration, early life sleep exhibits stark differences compared with mature sleep with regard to sleep states. How the intrinsic maturation of sleep output circuits contributes to sleep ontogeny is poorly understood. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster exhibits multifaceted changes to sleep from juvenile to mature adulthood. Here, we use a non-invasive probabilistic approach to investigate the changes in sleep architecture in juvenile and mature flies. Increased sleep in juvenile flies is driven primarily by a decreased probability of transitioning to wake and characterized by more time in deeper sleep states. Functional manipulations of sleep-promoting neurons in the dorsal fan-shaped body (dFB) suggest that these neurons differentially regulate sleep in juvenile and mature flies. Transcriptomic analysis of dFB neurons at different ages and a subsequent RNAi screen implicate the genes involved in dFB sleep circuit maturation. These results reveal that the dynamic transcriptional states of sleep output neurons contribute to the changes in sleep across the lifespan.
睡眠行为在整个生命周期中的成熟（睡眠发生）是一种进化上保守的现象。哺乳动物研究表明，除了睡眠时间增加外，与成熟睡眠相比，早期生命睡眠在睡眠状态方面存在明显差异。睡眠输出回路内在成熟如何促进睡眠发生还知之甚少。果蝇果蝇表现出从幼年到成年的多方面睡眠变化。在这里，我们使用一种非侵入性的概率方法来研究幼年和成年果蝇睡眠结构的变化。幼年果蝇的睡眠时间增加主要是由于进入清醒状态的概率降低所致，其特征是更深睡眠状态的时间更长。对背扇形体（dFB）中的促进睡眠神经元进行功能操作表明，这些神经元在幼年和成年果蝇中差异调节睡眠。不同年龄的 dFB 神经元的转录组分析和随后的 RNAi 筛选表明，参与 dFB 睡眠回路成熟的基因涉及其中。这些结果表明，睡眠输出神经元的动态转录状态有助于整个生命周期中睡眠的变化。
