Medical Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Genetics Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022 Aug 19;13(1):423. doi: 10.1186/s13287-022-03122-5.
Accumulating proofs signify that pleiotropic effects of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are not allied to their differentiation competencies but rather are mediated mainly by the releases of soluble paracrine mediators, making them a reasonable therapeutic option to enable damaged tissue repair. Due to their unique immunomodulatory and regenerative attributes, the MSC-derived exosomes hold great potential to treat neurodegeneration-associated neurological diseases. Exosome treatment circumvents drawbacks regarding the direct administration of MSCs, such as tumor formation or reduced infiltration and migration to brain tissue. Noteworthy, MSCs-derived exosomes can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and then efficiently deliver their cargo (e.g., protein, miRNAs, lipid, and mRNA) to damaged brain tissue. These biomolecules influence various biological processes (e.g., survival, proliferation, migration, etc.) in neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. Various studies have shown that the systemic or local administration of MSCs-derived exosome could lead to the favored outcome in animals with neurodegeneration-associated disease mainly by supporting BBB integrity, eliciting pro-angiogenic effects, attenuating neuroinflammation, and promoting neurogenesis in vivo. In the present review, we will deliver an overview of the therapeutic benefits of MSCs-derived exosome therapy to ameliorate the pathological symptoms of acute and chronic neurodegenerative disease. Also, the underlying mechanism behind these favored effects has been elucidated.
越来越多的证据表明，间充质基质细胞（MSCs）的多效性效应与其分化能力无关，而是主要通过可溶性旁分泌介质的释放来介导，这使它们成为一种合理的治疗选择，能够实现受损组织的修复。由于其独特的免疫调节和再生特性，MSC 衍生的外泌体具有治疗与神经退行性变相关的神经疾病的巨大潜力。外泌体治疗避免了 MSC 直接给药的缺点，例如肿瘤形成或向脑组织的渗透和迁移减少。值得注意的是，MSC 衍生的外泌体可以穿过血脑屏障（BBB），然后有效地将其货物（例如蛋白质、miRNA、脂质和 mRNA）递送到受损的脑组织中。这些生物分子影响神经元、少突胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞中的各种生物过程（例如生存、增殖、迁移等）。各种研究表明，MSC 衍生的外泌体的全身或局部给药可以通过支持 BBB 完整性、引发促血管生成作用、减轻神经炎症和促进体内神经发生，在患有与神经退行性变相关疾病的动物中产生有利的结果。在本综述中，我们将概述 MSC 衍生的外泌体治疗的治疗益处，以改善急性和慢性神经退行性疾病的病理症状。此外，还阐明了这些有利效果背后的潜在机制。
