School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Multidisciplinary, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
IVS Ltd, Vascular Ultrasound, Royal Oldham Hospital, Oldham, UK.
Physiol Rep. 2022 Aug;10(16):e15441. doi: 10.14814/phy2.15441.
Menopause represents a turning point where vascular damage begins to outweigh reparative processes, leading to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Exercise training reduces CVD risk in postmenopausal females via improvements in traditional risk factors and direct changes to the vasculature. We assessed the effect of moderate (MODERATE-IT) versus heavy (HEAVY-IT) intensity interval exercise training upon markers of cardiovascular health and vascular repair in postmenopausal females.
Twenty-seven healthy postmenopausal females (56 ± 4 yr) were assigned to 12 weeks of either MODERATE-IT or HEAVY-IT, twice per week. MODERATE-IT consisted of 10s work, and 10s active recovery repeated for 30 min. HEAVY-IT comprised 30s work, and 30s active recovery repeated for 21 ± 2 min. Endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation), arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity), and V̇O were assessed pre-training and post-training. Blood samples were obtained pre-training and post-training for enumeration of circulating angiogenic cells (CACs), culture of CACs, and lipoprotein profile.
V̇O increased 2.4 ± 2.8 ml/kg/min following HEAVY-IT only (p < 0.05). Brachial blood pressure and endothelial function were unchanged with exercise training (p > 0.05). Peripheral pulse wave velocity reduced 8% with exercise training, irrespective of intensity (p < 0.05). Exercise training had no effect on lipoprotein profile or endothelin-1 (p > 0.05). CAC adhesion to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) increased 30 min post plating following MODERATE-IT only (p < 0.05).
HEAVY-IT was more effective at increasing V̇O in postmenopausal females. The ability of CACs to adhere to VSMC improved following MODERATE-IT but not HEAVY-IT. Interval training had the same effect on endothelial function (no change) and arterial stiffness (reduced), regardless of exercise intensity.
绝经代表着血管损伤开始超过修复过程的转折点，导致心血管疾病（CVD）风险增加。运动训练通过改善传统危险因素和直接改变血管来降低绝经后女性的 CVD 风险。我们评估了中等强度（MODERATE-IT）与大强度间歇运动训练（HEAVY-IT）对绝经后女性心血管健康和血管修复标志物的影响。
将 27 名健康绝经后女性（56±4 岁）随机分为 12 周的中等强度（MODERATE-IT）或大强度间歇运动训练（HEAVY-IT），每周两次。MODERATE-IT 由 10 秒工作和 10 秒主动恢复组成，重复 30 分钟。HEAVY-IT 由 30 秒工作和 30 秒主动恢复组成，重复 21±2 分钟。在训练前和训练后评估内皮功能（血流介导的扩张）、动脉僵硬度（脉搏波速度）和 V̇O。在训练前和训练后采集血样，用于计数循环血管生成细胞（CAC）、CAC 培养和脂蛋白谱。
仅 HEAVY-IT 后 V̇O 增加 2.4±2.8ml/kg/min（p<0.05）。运动训练对肱动脉血压和内皮功能无影响（p>0.05）。无论强度如何，运动训练均可使外周脉搏波速度降低 8%（p<0.05）。运动训练对脂蛋白谱或内皮素-1 无影响（p>0.05）。仅在 MODERATE-IT 后，CAC 与血管平滑肌细胞（VSMC）的粘附增加 30 分钟（p<0.05）。
HEAVY-IT 更能有效增加绝经后女性的 V̇O。仅在 MODERATE-IT 后，CAC 与 VSMC 的粘附能力增强，但在 HEAVY-IT 后则没有。间歇训练对内皮功能（无变化）和动脉僵硬度（降低）的影响相同，与运动强度无关。
