Hailegebreal Gizachew, Molla Tanga Bereket, Woldegiorgis Wubit, Sulayeman Mishamo, Sori Teshale
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, P.O.Box, 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-764, South Korea.
Heliyon. 2022 Aug 3;8(8):e10074. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10074. eCollection 2022 Aug.
A longitudinal study was conducted in six intensive and three semi-intensive poultry farms in Shebedino and Dale districts of Sidama Region, Ethiopia from November 2018 to May 2019. The objectives of the study were to estimate incidence rates of mortality and morbidity, identify the risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality and establish differential diagnosis of major diseases affecting poultry in the area. Chickens belonging to two breeds namely Sasso, and Bovans Brown reared in purposively selected small-scale farms was included from two districts. The chickens on the selected farms were monitored for morbidity and mortality every week. Diagnosis of different diseases was made based on the flock history, age of birds, clinical signs, characteristic gross and microscopic lesions, and fecal flotation technique for coccidiosis. Semi-structured questionnaires were also administered to gather information on the risk factors and farming practices.
The incidence rate of morbidity and mortality in the studied farms was 16.14 and 12.69 per 1000 chicken-week at risk, respectively. The minimum and maximum incidence rates of morbidity were 2.02 and 58.43 cases per 1000 chicken-week at risk, respectively. The minimum and maximum incidence rates of mortality were 0.21 and 58.18 deaths per 1000 chicken-week at risk, respectively. Among the risk factors studied feed type, age of chickens, and number of sick chickens on farms were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with the incidence of disease. Age of chickens and number of sick chickens found on the farms were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with the incidence of death using multivariable logistic regression. Newcastle Disease (ND), Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD), Fowl typhoid, and Coccidiosis were the important diseases identified during the follow up period in the study area. Of the overall mortality and morbidity, 90.48% and 42% were respectively attributed to ND. Infectious bursal disease and Coccidia co-infection occurred in 31.55% of chicken in the infected farms.
The present study documented the incidence rate of morbidity and mortality in smallholder poultry farms in selected districts of Sidama Region. The study findings indicated that infectious diseases appear to be a major constraint to improve chicken production in the study areas. Therefore, the veterinary and livestock authorities should take this into account when planning poultry development activities and setting up systems of livestock production and health monitoring.
2018年11月至2019年5月，在埃塞俄比亚锡达马地区的舍贝迪诺和戴尔区的6个集约化和3个半集约化家禽养殖场进行了一项纵向研究。该研究的目的是估计死亡率和发病率，确定与发病和死亡相关的风险因素，并对该地区影响家禽的主要疾病进行鉴别诊断。从两个区有目的地选择的小规模养殖场中选取了属于萨索和博万斯布朗两个品种的鸡。对选定养殖场的鸡每周进行发病和死亡监测。根据鸡群病史、鸡的年龄、临床症状、特征性大体和微观病变以及球虫病的粪便漂浮技术对不同疾病进行诊断。还发放了半结构化问卷以收集有关风险因素和养殖做法的信息。
研究养殖场的发病率和死亡率分别为每1000鸡周风险16.14例和12.69例。发病率的最低和最高发生率分别为每1000鸡周风险2.02例和58.43例。死亡率的最低和最高发生率分别为每1000鸡周风险0.21例和58.18例。在所研究的风险因素中，饲料类型、鸡的年龄和养殖场病鸡数量与疾病发生率显著相关（p<0.05）。使用多变量逻辑回归分析，养殖场中鸡的年龄和病鸡数量与死亡率显著相关（p<0.05）。新城疫（ND）、传染性法氏囊病（IBD）、禽伤寒和球虫病是研究区域随访期间确定的重要疾病。在总死亡率和发病率中，分别有90.48%和42%归因于新城疫。在受感染养殖场中，31.55%的鸡发生了传染性法氏囊病和球虫共感染。
本研究记录了锡达马地区选定区小农户家禽养殖场的发病率和死亡率。研究结果表明，传染病似乎是研究区域提高鸡肉产量的主要制约因素。因此，兽医和畜牧当局在规划家禽发展活动以及建立畜牧生产和健康监测系统时应考虑到这一点。
