Meng Ling'ao, Song Kedong, Li Shenglong, Kang Yue
Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, China.
State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
Membranes (Basel). 2022 Aug 12;12(8):775. doi: 10.3390/membranes12080775.
Breast cancer (BC) has now overtaken lung cancer as the most common cancer, while no biopredictive marker isolated from biological fluids has yet emerged clinically. After traditional chemotherapy, with the huge side effects brought by drugs, patients also suffer from the double affliction of drugs to the body while fighting cancer, and they often quickly develop drug resistance after the drug, leading to a poor prognosis. And the treatment of some breast cancer subtypes, such as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), is even more difficult. Exosomes (Exos), which are naturally occurring extracellular vesicles (EVs) with nanoscale acellular structures ranging in diameter from 40 to 160 nm, can be isolated from various biological fluids and have been widely studied because they are derived from the cell membrane, have extremely small diameter, and are widely involved in various biological activities of the body. It can be used directly or modified to make derivatives or to make some analogs for the treatment of breast cancer. This review will focus on the involvement of exosomes in breast cancer initiation, progression, invasion as well as metastasis and the therapeutic role of exosomes in breast cancer.
乳腺癌（BC）现已超过肺癌成为最常见的癌症，然而，尚未有从生物体液中分离出的生物预测标志物在临床上出现。在传统化疗后，药物带来巨大副作用，患者在对抗癌症的同时还遭受药物对身体的双重折磨，而且用药后往往很快就会产生耐药性，导致预后不良。并且，一些乳腺癌亚型，如三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）的治疗更加困难。外泌体（Exos）是天然存在的细胞外囊泡（EVs），具有直径为40至160纳米的纳米级无细胞结构，可从各种生物体液中分离出来，因其源自细胞膜、直径极小且广泛参与身体的各种生物活动而受到广泛研究。它可直接使用，或经过修饰制成衍生物，或制备一些类似物用于治疗乳腺癌。本综述将聚焦外泌体在乳腺癌的发生、进展、侵袭以及转移中的作用，以及外泌体在乳腺癌治疗中的作用。
