Dianová Lucia, Tirpák Filip, Halo Marko, Slanina Tomáš, Massányi Martin, Stawarz Robert, Formicki Grzegorz, Madeddu Roberto, Massányi Peter
Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia.
Research Centre AgroBioTech, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia.
Toxics. 2022 Aug 8;10(8):459. doi: 10.3390/toxics10080459.
Various studies have shown that the reproductive organs are highly sensitive to toxic elements found in the environment. Due to technological progress, the use of nanoparticles has become more common nowadays. Nanoparticles are used for drug delivery because their dimensions allow them to circulate throughout the body and enter directly into the cell. Antimicrobial properties are increasingly used in the manufacture of medical devices, textiles, food packaging, cosmetics, and other consumer products. Nanoparticles provide several benefits, but aspects related to their effects on living organisms and the environment are not well known. This review summarizes current in vivo, and in vitro animal studies focused on the evaluation of toxicity of selected metal nanoparticles (Ag, ZnO, TiO) on male and female reproductive health. It can be concluded that higher concentrations of metal nanoparticles in the male reproductive system can cause a decrease in spermatozoa motility, viability and disruption of membrane integrity. Histopathological changes of the testicular epithelium, infiltration of inflammatory cells in the epididymis, and prostatic hyperplasia have been observed. Nanoparticles in the female reproductive system caused their accumulation in the ovaries and uterus. Metal nanoparticles most likely induce polycystic ovary syndrome and follicular atresia, inflammation, apoptosis, and necrosis also occurred.
多项研究表明，生殖器官对环境中发现的有毒元素高度敏感。由于技术进步，如今纳米颗粒的使用变得更加普遍。纳米颗粒因其尺寸能够使其在全身循环并直接进入细胞而被用于药物递送。抗菌特性越来越多地应用于医疗器械、纺织品、食品包装、化妆品及其他消费品的制造中。纳米颗粒有诸多益处，但其对生物体和环境的影响相关方面尚不为人所知。本综述总结了当前聚焦于评估选定金属纳米颗粒（银、氧化锌、二氧化钛）对雄性和雌性生殖健康毒性的体内及体外动物研究。可以得出结论，雄性生殖系统中较高浓度的金属纳米颗粒会导致精子活力下降、存活率降低以及膜完整性破坏。已观察到睾丸上皮的组织病理学变化、附睾中炎性细胞浸润以及前列腺增生。雌性生殖系统中的纳米颗粒会在卵巢和子宫中蓄积。金属纳米颗粒很可能诱发多囊卵巢综合征和卵泡闭锁，还会出现炎症、细胞凋亡和坏死。
