Mokhtary Pardis, Pourhashem Zeinab, Mehrizi Akram Abouei, Sala Claudia, Rappuoli Rino
Monoclonal Antibody Discovery Laboratory, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
Biomedicines. 2022 Aug 2;10(8):1861. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10081861.
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), the new revolutionary class of medications, are fast becoming tools against various diseases thanks to a unique structure and function that allow them to bind highly specific targets or receptors. These specialized proteins can be produced in large quantities via the hybridoma technique introduced in 1975 or by means of modern technologies. Additional methods have been developed to generate mAbs with new biological properties such as humanized, chimeric, or murine. The inclusion of mAbs in therapeutic regimens is a major medical advance and will hopefully lead to significant improvements in infectious disease management. Since the first therapeutic mAb, muromonab-CD3, was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1986, the list of approved mAbs and their clinical indications and applications have been proliferating. New technologies have been developed to modify the structure of mAbs, thereby increasing efficacy and improving delivery routes. Gene delivery technologies, such as non-viral synthetic plasmid DNA and messenger RNA vectors (DMabs or mRNA-encoded mAbs), built to express tailored mAb genes, might help overcome some of the challenges of mAb therapy, including production restrictions, cold-chain storage, transportation requirements, and expensive manufacturing and distribution processes. This paper reviews some of the recent developments in mAb discovery against viral infections and illustrates how mAbs can help to combat viral diseases and outbreaks.
单克隆抗体（mAbs）作为一类新型的革命性药物，正迅速成为对抗各种疾病的工具，这得益于其独特的结构和功能，使其能够结合高度特异性的靶点或受体。这些特殊的蛋白质可以通过1975年引入的杂交瘤技术大量生产，也可以借助现代技术生产。人们还开发了其他方法来生产具有新生物学特性的单克隆抗体，如人源化、嵌合或鼠源化单克隆抗体。将单克隆抗体纳入治疗方案是一项重大的医学进步，有望显著改善传染病的管理。自1986年首个治疗性单克隆抗体——莫罗单抗-CD3被美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准以来，获批的单克隆抗体及其临床适应症和应用不断增加。人们已经开发了新技术来修饰单克隆抗体的结构，从而提高疗效并改善给药途径。基因递送技术，如用于表达定制单克隆抗体基因的非病毒合成质粒DNA和信使RNA载体（DMabs或mRNA编码的单克隆抗体），可能有助于克服单克隆抗体治疗面临的一些挑战，包括生产限制、冷链储存、运输要求以及昂贵的制造和分销过程。本文综述了针对病毒感染的单克隆抗体发现的一些最新进展，并阐述了单克隆抗体如何有助于对抗病毒性疾病和疫情。
