Canejo-Teixeira Rute, Lima Ana, Santana Ana
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal.
Veterinary Teaching Hospital (CA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Aug 17;12(16):2104. doi: 10.3390/ani12162104.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is an emerging technology in veterinary medicine involving the administration of intravenous contrast agents, and it is increasingly recognized for its high potential as a diagnostic imaging tool for small animals. This exam is easy and quick to perform, safe and reliable, and allows for the differentiation of lesions. It permits the identification of lesions that may require more invasive procedures, from those that can be safely dismissed to those that can be followed-up with ultrasound imaging. Although it has been extensively reviewed for use in human medicine, there is an overall lack of information about the application of this technique for cats and dogs, particularly in splenic studies, which can be particularly important for small animals. The present review describes and summarizes the CEUS applications used for splenic analysis in cats and dogs, providing a basic overview of CEUS technology with examples of common and uncommon features of focal splenic lesions. It also systematically gathers the results obtained for benign and malignant splenic lesions described in the literature, whilst providing guidelines for their interpretation. Furthermore, it presents the advantages of using CEUS for splenic analysis in cats and dogs and the main factors that may influence the quality of the imaging and the accuracy of the diagnosis. This type of knowledge can be used to provide a framework to help veterinarians make informed decisions regarding the use of this emerging technique for splenic lesions, guiding their interpretation of CEUS findings in the splenic ultrasounds of cats and dogs.
超声造影（CEUS）是兽医学中一项新兴技术，涉及静脉注射造影剂，其作为小动物诊断成像工具的巨大潜力日益得到认可。该检查操作简便快捷、安全可靠，能够鉴别病变。它可以识别可能需要更具侵入性检查的病变，区分那些可安全排除的病变以及那些可通过超声成像进行随访的病变。尽管超声造影在人类医学中的应用已得到广泛综述，但总体而言，关于该技术在猫和狗中的应用信息匮乏，尤其是在脾脏研究方面，而脾脏研究对小动物可能尤为重要。本综述描述并总结了用于猫和狗脾脏分析的超声造影应用，通过局灶性脾脏病变的常见和不常见特征示例，对超声造影技术进行了基本概述。它还系统收集了文献中描述的良性和恶性脾脏病变的研究结果，并提供了解读指南。此外，本文介绍了在猫和狗中使用超声造影进行脾脏分析的优势以及可能影响成像质量和诊断准确性的主要因素。这类知识可为兽医在使用这项新兴技术诊断脾脏病变时提供一个框架，帮助他们解读猫和狗脾脏超声检查中的超声造影结果，从而做出明智决策。
