Cordella Alessia, Pey Pascaline, Linta Nikolina, Quinci Manuela, Baron Toaldo Marco, Pisoni Luciano, Bettini Giuliano, Diana Alessia
Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
Animals (Basel). 2020 Sep 10;10(9):1613. doi: 10.3390/ani10091613.
Tumors of adrenal and thyroid glands have been associated with vascular invasions-so-called tumor thrombi, both in humans and dogs. The detection and characterization of venous thrombi is an important diagnostic step in patients with primary tumors for both surgical planning and prognosis. The aim of this study was to describe the use of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) for the characterization of tumor thrombi. Dogs with tumor thrombus who underwent bi-dimensional ultrasound (B-mode US) and CEUS were included. Seven dogs were enrolled in this retrospective case series. On B-mode US, all thrombi were visualized, and vascular distension and thrombus-tumor continuity were seen in three and two cases, respectively. On color Doppler examination, all thrombi were identified, seemed non-occlusive and only two presented vascularity. On CEUS, arterial-phase enhancement and washout in the venous phase were observed in all cases. Non-enhancing areas were identified in the tumor thrombi most likely representing non-vascularized tissue that could potentially be embolized in the lungs after fragmentation of the tumor thrombi. On the basis of these preliminary study, CEUS appeared to be useful for the characterization of malignant intravascular invasion.
肾上腺和甲状腺肿瘤与血管侵犯有关，即所谓的肿瘤血栓，在人类和犬类中均有发现。对于原发性肿瘤患者，静脉血栓的检测和特征描述是手术规划和预后评估的重要诊断步骤。本研究的目的是描述对比增强超声（CEUS）在肿瘤血栓特征描述中的应用。纳入了接受二维超声（B 型超声）和 CEUS 检查的患有肿瘤血栓的犬只。七只犬被纳入这个回顾性病例系列。在 B 型超声检查中，所有血栓均被可视化，分别在三例和两例中观察到血管扩张和血栓与肿瘤的连续性。在彩色多普勒检查中，所有血栓均被识别，似乎为非阻塞性，仅有两例显示有血管形成。在 CEUS 检查中，所有病例均观察到动脉期增强和静脉期消退。在肿瘤血栓中识别出无增强区域，很可能代表非血管化组织，肿瘤血栓破碎后这些组织可能会在肺部发生栓塞。基于这些初步研究，CEUS 似乎对恶性血管内侵犯的特征描述有用。
