Xu Wenzhen, Lu Han, Yuan Yuan, Deng Zeyuan, Zheng Liufeng, Li Hongyan
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
Guiyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550018, China.
Foods. 2022 Aug 13;11(16):2439. doi: 10.3390/foods11162439.
Accumulating evidence shows that oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease. It has been suggested that propolis possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the main flavonoids of propolis (chrysin, pinocembrin, galangin, and pinobanksin) and propolis extract were researched. The results showed that the cellular ROS (Reactive oxygen species) levels, antioxidant enzymes, Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) nuclear translocation, and the expression of NQO1 (NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1) and HO-1 (heme oxygenase 1) were regulated by different concentrations of individual flavonoids and propolis extract, which showed good antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects. For example, ROS levels were decreased; SOD and CAT activities were increased; and the expression of HO-1 protein was increased by chrysin. The results demonstrated that NO (Nitric Oxide), NOS (Nitric Oxide Synthase), and the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by different concentrations of individual flavonoids and propolis extract. Moreover, the results revealed that the phytochemicals presented antioxidant effects at lower concentrations but pro-oxidant effects and stronger anti-inflammatory effects at higher concentrations. To maintain the balance of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, it is possible that phytochemicals activate the Nrf2 pathway and inhibited the NF-κB (Nuclear factor kappa B) pathway.
越来越多的证据表明，氧化应激和炎症会促成心血管疾病的发展。有人提出，蜂胶具有抗氧化和抗炎活性。在本研究中，对蜂胶的主要黄酮类化合物（白杨素、松属素、高良姜素和片呐西丁）以及蜂胶提取物的抗氧化和抗炎作用进行了研究。结果表明，不同浓度的单一黄酮类化合物和蜂胶提取物可调节细胞活性氧（ROS）水平、抗氧化酶、核因子E2相关因子2（Nrf2）的核转位以及醌氧化还原酶1（NQO1）和血红素加氧酶1（HO-1）的表达，显示出良好的抗氧化和促氧化作用。例如，白杨素可降低ROS水平，增加超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性，并增加HO-1蛋白的表达。结果表明，不同浓度的单一黄酮类化合物和蜂胶提取物以剂量依赖的方式抑制一氧化氮（NO）、一氧化氮合酶（NOS）以及核因子κB（NF-κB）信号通路的激活。此外，结果显示，这些植物化学物质在较低浓度时呈现抗氧化作用，但在较高浓度时呈现促氧化作用和更强的抗炎作用。为维持抗氧化和抗炎作用的平衡，植物化学物质可能激活Nrf2通路并抑制NF-κB通路。
