Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and NanoBioImaging, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
Cells. 2022 Aug 13;11(16):2517. doi: 10.3390/cells11162517.
The cellular signaling network involves co-ordinated regulation of numerous signaling molecules that aid the maintenance of cellular as well as organismal homeostasis. Aberrant signaling plays a major role in the pathophysiology of many diseases. Recent studies have unraveled the superfamily of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as critical signaling nodes in diverse signaling networks. Defective signaling by lncRNAs is emerging as a causative factor underlying the pathophysiology of many diseases. LncRNAs have been shown to be involved in the multiplexed regulation of diverse pathways through both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. They can serve as decoys, guides, scaffolds, and effector molecules to regulate cell signaling. In comparison with the other classes of RNAs, lncRNAs possess unique structural modifications that contribute to their diversity in modes of action within the nucleus and cytoplasm. In this review, we summarize the structure and function of lncRNAs as well as their vivid mechanisms of action. Further, we provide insights into the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of four major disease paradigms, namely cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, cancers, and the metabolic disease, diabetes mellitus. This review serves as a succinct treatise that could open windows to investigate the role of lncRNAs as novel therapeutic targets.
细胞信号网络涉及众多信号分子的协调调节，这些信号分子有助于维持细胞和机体的内稳态。异常信号在许多疾病的病理生理学中起着重要作用。最近的研究揭示了长非编码 RNA（lncRNA）超级家族作为多种信号网络中关键信号节点的作用。lncRNA 的信号缺陷正在成为许多疾病病理生理学的一个致病因素。lncRNA 已被证明通过遗传和表观遗传机制参与多种途径的多路调节。它们可以作为诱饵、向导、支架和效应分子来调节细胞信号。与其他 RNA 类别相比，lncRNA 具有独特的结构修饰，这有助于它们在核和细胞质中的作用模式的多样性。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 lncRNA 的结构和功能及其活跃的作用机制。此外，我们还探讨了 lncRNA 在四大疾病范例（心血管疾病、神经紊乱、癌症和代谢疾病糖尿病）发病机制中的作用。这篇综述是一篇简洁的论文，可以为研究 lncRNA 作为新型治疗靶点的作用提供思路。
