Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India.
Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
Cells. 2022 Aug 17;11(16):2557. doi: 10.3390/cells11162557.
Endocytosis is a fundamental mechanism by which cells perform housekeeping functions. It occurs via a variety of mechanisms and involves many regulatory proteins. The GTPase dynamin acts as a "molecular scissor" to form endocytic vesicles and is a critical regulator among the proteins involved in endocytosis. Some GTPases (e.g., Cdc42, arf6, RhoA), membrane proteins (e.g., flotillins, tetraspanins), and secondary messengers (e.g., calcium) mediate dynamin-independent endocytosis. These pathways may be convergent, as multiple pathways exist in a single cell. However, what determines the specific path of endocytosis is complex and challenging to comprehend. This review summarizes the mechanisms of dynamin-independent endocytosis, the involvement of microRNAs, and factors that contribute to the cellular decision about the specific route of endocytosis.
内吞作用是细胞执行基本功能的一种基本机制。它通过多种机制发生，涉及许多调节蛋白。GTP 酶 dynamin 作为“分子剪刀”形成内吞小泡，是参与内吞作用的蛋白质中的关键调节因子。一些 GTP 酶（例如，CDC42、ARF6、RhoA）、膜蛋白（例如，flotillins、四跨膜蛋白）和第二信使（例如，钙）介导 dynamin 独立的内吞作用。这些途径可能是会聚的，因为单个细胞中存在多种途径。然而，决定内吞作用特定途径的因素很复杂，难以理解。这篇综述总结了 dynamin 独立的内吞作用的机制、microRNAs 的参与以及导致细胞对特定内吞途径做出决定的因素。
