Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Disease Registries, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Biocomplexity Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 14;19(16):10034. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191610034.
Environmental noise can induce detrimental health effects such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). The relationship between vehicular traffic noise pollution and CVD was investigated through a retrospective residential cohort study in the city of Pisa. Four exposure classes were defined for noise pollution, using noise propagation maps. The association between noise exposures and cause-specific mortality or hospitalization of the subjects of the cohort was calculated using the hazard ratio (HR) for night and day through a multiple time-dependent and sex-specific Cox regression adjusting for age, the socio-economic deprivation index, and traffic air pollution. Mortality excess for CVD and risk trends for a 1 decibel noise increment were observed among the most exposed women (mortality: HRnight 1.15 (1.03-1.28); Trend 1.007 (1.002-1.012); HRday 1.14 (1.02-1.27); Trend 1.008 (1.003-1.013)), particularly for ischaemic disease (mortality: Trend 1.008 (0.999-1.017); Trend 1.009 (0.999-1.018)) and cerebrovascular disease (mortality: HRnight 1.23 (1.02-1.48), HRday 1.24 (1.03-1.49)). Hospitalization analyses confirm mortality results. A decreased risk for hospitalization was also observed among the most exposed men (HRday 0.94 (0.88-1.01), particularly for ischaemic disease (HRnight 0.90 (0.80-1.02); HRday 0.86 (0.77-0.97)) and cerebrovascular disease (HRnight 0.89 (0.78-1.01)). Authors recommend the adoption of prevention measures aimed at mitigating noise and the activation of a monitoring of the risk profile in the Pisa population updating both the residential cohort and health data.
环境噪声会对健康产生有害影响，例如心血管疾病（CVD）。本研究通过在比萨市进行回顾性居住队列研究，调查了交通噪声污染与 CVD 之间的关系。使用噪声传播图为噪声污染定义了四个暴露等级。使用多时间依赖性和性别特异性 Cox 回归，通过调整年龄、社会经济剥夺指数和交通空气污染，计算了暴露与队列受试者特定原因死亡率或住院率之间的关联，计算了夜间和日间的风险比（HR）。在最暴露的女性中观察到 CVD 死亡率过多和每增加 1 分贝噪声的风险趋势（死亡率：夜间 HR1.15（1.03-1.28）；趋势 1.007（1.002-1.012）；白天 HR1.14（1.02-1.27）；趋势 1.008（1.003-1.013）），尤其是缺血性疾病（死亡率：趋势 1.008（0.999-1.017）；趋势 1.009（0.999-1.018））和脑血管疾病（死亡率：夜间 HR1.23（1.02-1.48），白天 HR1.24（1.03-1.49））。住院分析证实了死亡率结果。在最暴露的男性中也观察到住院风险降低（白天 HR0.94（0.88-1.01），尤其是缺血性疾病（夜间 HR0.90（0.80-1.02）；白天 HR0.86（0.77-0.97））和脑血管疾病（夜间 HR0.89（0.78-1.01））。作者建议采取预防措施来减轻噪声，并在比萨人群中监测风险状况，更新居住队列和健康数据。
