Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Sep 18;18(18):9856. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18189856.
Previous studies have demonstrated cardiovascular health effects of environmental noise exposure, partly showing different effect estimates for males and females. This cannot be explained by biological differences between males and females alone. It is assumed that health outcomes and exposure patterns also depend on gender, determined by social, economic, and cultural factors in society. This systematic review evaluated the current state of how sex/gender is integrated in studies on environmental noise associated with hypertension, blood pressure, and ischemic heart diseases. A systematic literature search was conducted in three different databases, identifying thirty studies published between 1 January 2000 and 2 February 2020. Effects varied, with no consistent findings for both males and females. All studies used a binary operationalization of sex/gender, assuming static differences between males and females. The differentiation between biological and social dimensions of sex/gender was not present in any of the studies and the terms "sex" and "gender" were used interchangeably. However, biological and social dimensions of sex/gender were unconsciously taken up in the discussion of the results. Integrating sex/gender-theoretical concepts into future studies offers great potential to increase the validity of research findings, thus making them more useful for prevention efforts, health promotion, and health care.
先前的研究已经证明了环境噪声暴露对心血管健康的影响，部分研究结果表明男性和女性的影响估计值不同。这不能仅用男性和女性之间的生理差异来解释。据推测，健康结果和暴露模式也取决于性别，这由社会中的社会、经济和文化因素决定。本系统评价评估了目前将性别纳入与高血压、血压和缺血性心脏病相关的环境噪声研究的情况。在三个不同的数据库中进行了系统的文献检索，确定了 2000 年 1 月 1 日至 2020 年 2 月 2 日期间发表的三十项研究。研究结果差异很大，男性和女性都没有一致的发现。所有研究都使用了性别/性别二元操作化，假设男性和女性之间存在静态差异。没有一项研究对性别/性别的生物和社会维度进行区分，而且“性别”和“性别”这两个术语经常互换使用。然而，在讨论研究结果时，无意识地考虑了性别的生物和社会维度。将性别理论概念纳入未来的研究具有很大的潜力，可以提高研究结果的有效性，从而使它们更有益于预防工作、健康促进和医疗保健。
