Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Aug 30;18(17):9145. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18179145.
Noise is one of the most diffused environmental stressors affecting modern life. As such, the scientific community is committed to studying the main emission and transmission mechanisms aiming at reducing citizens' exposure, but is also actively studying the effects that noise has on health. However, scientific literature lacks data on multiple sources of noise and cardiovascular outcomes. The present cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the impact that different types of noise source (road, railway, airport and recreational) in an urban context have on blood pressure variations and hypertension. 517 citizens of Pisa, Italy, were subjected to a structured questionnaire and five measures of blood pressure in one day. Participants were living in the same building for at least 5 years, were aged from 37 to 72 years old and were exposed to one or more noise sources among air traffic, road traffic, railway and recreational noise. Logistic and multivariate linear regression models have been applied in order to assess the association between exposures and health outcomes. The analyses showed that prevalence of high levels of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is consistent with an increase of 5 dB (A) of night-time noise (β = 0.50 95% CI: 0.18-0.81). Furthermore, increased DBP is also positively associated with more noise sensitive subjects, older than 65 years old, without domestic noise protection, or who never close windows. Among the various noise sources, railway noise was found to be the most associated with DBP (β = 0.68; 95% CI: -1.36, 2.72). The obtained relation between DBP and night-time noise levels reinforces current knowledge.
噪声是影响现代生活的最广泛的环境压力源之一。因此，科学界致力于研究主要的排放和传播机制，旨在减少公民的暴露，但也积极研究噪声对健康的影响。然而，科学文献缺乏关于多种噪声源和心血管结果的数据。本横断面研究旨在评估城市环境中不同类型噪声源（道路、铁路、机场和娱乐场所）对血压变化和高血压的影响。意大利比萨的 517 名公民接受了结构化问卷调查和一天内五次血压测量。参与者在同一栋楼中居住至少 5 年，年龄在 37 至 72 岁之间，并且暴露于空中交通、道路交通、铁路和娱乐噪声中的一种或多种噪声源。为了评估暴露与健康结果之间的关联，应用了逻辑斯蒂和多元线性回归模型。分析表明，舒张压（DBP）高水平的患病率与夜间噪声增加 5dB（A）一致（β=0.50，95%CI：0.18-0.81）。此外，DBP 升高还与夜间噪声更敏感的受试者、65 岁以上的受试者、没有家庭噪声保护的受试者或从不关窗的受试者呈正相关。在各种噪声源中，铁路噪声与 DBP 的相关性最强（β=0.68；95%CI：-1.36，2.72）。DBP 与夜间噪声水平之间的关系得到了强化。
