戒烟后对幸福感的影响：来自 2020 年 ITC 四国家吸烟与蒸气调查的结果。
Experienced Effects on Well-Being following Smoking Cessation: Findings from the 2020 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey.
机构信息
School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 15;19(16):10037. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191610037.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
There has been limited research addressing changes in subjective well-being as a result of quitting smoking. This paper examines recent ex-smokers' well-being related experiences overall and as a function of (1) duration of cessation and (2) continued nicotine use from vaping.
METHODS
A sample of 1379 ever-daily smoking ex-smokers (quit for up to 5 years) from the 2020 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey (Australia, Canada, the UK, and the US), of which 27.1% currently vaped daily. Well-being measures were perceived changes post-quitting in emotion coping (stress and negative emotions), enjoyment of life, and day-to-day functioning. We also assessed the level of persisting worry about past smoking leading to future health problems.
RESULTS
Overall, among those answering all four well-being measures, 51.8% of the ex-smokers reported positive effects and no negatives, but 27.3% reported at least one negative effect, with the remainder reporting no change in any measure. Positive effects were greater among those who had quit more than 1 year prior. The largest improvement (56.3%) was for daily functioning, which showed improvement over time since having quit. Current daily vapers reported similar well-being as those not vaping; however, fewer daily vapers reported worsening ability to cope with stress (10.2% vs. 20.7%). Overall, 84% reported being worried about future negative health effects of smoking, with no clear differences by quitting duration or vaping status.
CONCLUSIONS
Most ex-smokers reported changes in their well-being since quitting, with more reporting improvements than declines. Well-being improved with duration of time since quitting, but did not appear to be influenced by daily vaping use, but stress coping may be better among vapers. Persisting worries about possible future health effects from smoking may be reducing the experienced benefits of quitting smoking for some.
背景和目的
关于戒烟后主观幸福感变化的研究有限。本文总体上考察了最近的戒烟者的幸福感相关体验，以及（1）戒烟持续时间和（2）继续使用电子烟尼古丁的影响。
方法
来自 2020 年 ITC 四国吸烟和电子烟调查（澳大利亚、加拿大、英国和美国）的 1379 名曾每日吸烟的戒烟者（戒烟时间长达 5 年），其中 27.1%的人目前每天使用电子烟。幸福感衡量标准是戒烟后情绪应对（压力和负面情绪）、享受生活和日常功能的变化。我们还评估了对过去吸烟导致未来健康问题的持续担忧程度。
结果
总体而言，在回答所有四项幸福感衡量标准的人群中，51.8%的戒烟者报告积极影响且无负面影响，但 27.3%报告至少有一种负面影响，其余人报告在任何衡量标准上均无变化。戒烟时间超过 1 年的戒烟者幸福感改善更大。最大的改善（56.3%）是日常生活功能，自戒烟以来有所改善。目前每天使用电子烟的人与不使用电子烟的人报告的幸福感相似；然而，更少的每日电子烟使用者报告压力应对能力恶化（10.2%比 20.7%）。总体而言，84%的人报告对吸烟未来负面健康影响感到担忧，戒烟持续时间或电子烟使用状况没有明显差异。
结论
大多数戒烟者报告戒烟后幸福感发生变化，报告改善的比例高于下降的比例。幸福感随戒烟时间的延长而改善，但似乎不受每日电子烟使用的影响，但电子烟使用者的压力应对能力可能更好。对吸烟可能带来的未来健康影响的持续担忧可能会降低一些人戒烟后的受益感。
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