CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100000, China.
Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 22;19(16):10445. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191610445.
Pervasive noise undermines many cognitive processes. Across two studies, we examined how noise influences experience-based decision-making and whether the nature of the information provided moderates this influence. Study 1 used the repeated choice paradigm and found that noise can significantly reduce people's performance in experience-based decision-making by increasing the likelihood of choosing the option with the lower expected value. This negative influence can be attenuated when experience-congruent suggestions are provided, but significantly worsened when experience-incongruent suggestions are provided. Study 2 investigated how noise influences decision-making performance in two experience-incongruent conditions differing in error salience. By replicating noise's general negative effect, we found that the noise effect could be attenuated when incongruent suggestions were obvious. We suggest that noise can undermine the information updating and integration process, which is necessary for experience-based decision-making. We also discuss the principles for designing better information aids based on these findings.
噪音会破坏许多认知过程。在两项研究中，我们考察了噪音如何影响基于经验的决策，以及提供的信息性质是否会调节这种影响。研究 1 使用了重复选择范式，发现噪音可以通过增加选择低预期价值选项的可能性，显著降低人们在基于经验的决策中的表现。当提供与经验一致的建议时，这种负面影响可以减轻，但当提供与经验不一致的建议时，这种负面影响会显著恶化。研究 2 考察了在两种错误显著性不同的经验不一致条件下，噪音如何影响决策表现。通过复制噪音的一般负面影响，我们发现当不一致的建议很明显时，噪音的影响可以减轻。我们认为，噪音可能会破坏基于经验的决策所需的信息更新和整合过程。我们还根据这些发现讨论了设计更好的信息辅助工具的原则。
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