Annaheim Désirée, Vogler Barbara Renate, Sigrist Brigitte, Vögtlin Andrea, Hüssy Daniela, Breitler Christian, Hartnack Sonja, Grund Christian, King Jacqueline, Wolfrum Nina, Albini Sarah
National Reference Center for Poultry and Rabbit Diseases, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
Microorganisms. 2022 Aug 17;10(8):1656. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10081656.
Pigeon paramyxovirus-1 (PPMV-1) is predominantly isolated from pigeons or doves and forms a separate group of viral strains within Avian Orthoavulavirus-1, the causative agent of Newcastle disease in poultry. Since the introduction of PPMV-1 into Europe in 1981, these strains have rapidly spread all over Europe, and are nowadays considered to be enzootic in feral and hobby pigeons (). Infections with PPMV-1 can range from asymptomatic to fatal. To assess whether PPMV-1 continuously circulates in healthy feral pigeons, 396 tissue samples of pigeons from the city of Zurich were tested by reverse transcriptase real-time PCR over the period of one year. PPMV-1-RNA was detected in 41 feral pigeons (10.35%), determined as the dominant European genotype VI.2.1.1.2.2. In 38 of the 41 pigeons where organ samples tested positive, PPMV-1-RNA was also detected in either choana or cloaca swabs. There were no significant differences in positivity rates between seasons, age, and sex. The current study shows that feral pigeons without clinical signs of disease can harbour and most likely excrete PPMV-1. Spill-over into free-range holdings of chickens are therefore possible, as observed in a recent outbreak of Newcastle disease in laying hens due to PPMV-1 genotype VI.2.1.1.2.2. in the canton of Zurich in January 2022.
鸽副粘病毒1型（PPMV-1）主要从鸽子中分离得到，在禽正副粘病毒1型中形成一组单独的病毒株，禽正副粘病毒1型是家禽新城疫的病原体。自1981年PPMV-1传入欧洲以来，这些毒株迅速在欧洲各地传播，如今被认为在野生和家养鸽子中呈地方流行性。PPMV-1感染的症状从无症状到致命不等。为了评估PPMV-1是否在健康的野生鸽子中持续传播，在一年的时间里，通过逆转录实时PCR对来自苏黎世市的396份鸽子组织样本进行了检测。在41只野生鸽子（10.35%）中检测到了PPMV-1-RNA，确定为欧洲主要基因型VI.2.1.1.2.2。在41只器官样本检测呈阳性的鸽子中，有38只在鼻后孔或泄殖腔拭子中也检测到了PPMV-1-RNA。季节、年龄和性别之间的阳性率没有显著差异。当前的研究表明，没有疾病临床症状的野生鸽子可能携带并很可能排泄PPMV-1。因此，有可能传播到家养散养鸡群中，如2022年1月在苏黎世州最近一次因PPMV-1基因型VI.2.1.1.2.2导致的蛋鸡新城疫疫情中所观察到的那样。
