Barteneva Natasha S, Meirkhanova Ayagoz, Malashenkov Dmitry, Vorobjev Ivan A
Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 000010, Kazakhstan.
Microorganisms. 2022 Aug 17;10(8):1657. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10081657.
Regulated cell death (RCD) is central to the development, integrity, and functionality of multicellular organisms. In the last decade, evidence has accumulated that RCD is a universal phenomenon in all life domains. Cyanobacteria are of specific interest due to their importance in aquatic and terrestrial habitats and their role as primary producers in global nutrient cycling. Current knowledge on cyanobacterial RCD is based mainly on biochemical and morphological observations, often by methods directly transferred from vertebrate research and with limited understanding of the molecular genetic basis. However, the metabolism of different cyanobacteria groups relies on photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation, whereas mitochondria are the central executioner of cell death in vertebrates. Moreover, cyanobacteria chosen as biological models in RCD studies are mainly colonial or filamentous multicellular organisms. On the other hand, unicellular cyanobacteria have regulated programs of cellular survival (RCS) such as chlorosis and post-chlorosis resuscitation. The co-existence of different genetically regulated programs in cyanobacterial populations may have been a top engine in life diversification. Development of cyanobacteria-specific methods for identification and characterization of RCD and wider use of single-cell analysis combined with intelligent image-based cell sorting and metagenomics would shed more light on the underlying molecular mechanisms and help us to address the complex colonial interactions during these events. In this review, we focus on the functional implications of RCD in cyanobacterial communities.
程序性细胞死亡（RCD）对于多细胞生物的发育、完整性和功能至关重要。在过去十年中，越来越多的证据表明RCD是所有生命领域中的普遍现象。蓝细菌因其在水生和陆地生境中的重要性以及作为全球营养循环中初级生产者的作用而备受关注。目前关于蓝细菌RCD的知识主要基于生化和形态学观察，这些观察通常采用直接从脊椎动物研究中移植过来的方法，并且对分子遗传基础的理解有限。然而，不同蓝细菌群体的代谢依赖于光合作用和固氮作用，而线粒体是脊椎动物细胞死亡的核心执行者。此外，在RCD研究中被选为生物模型的蓝细菌主要是群体或丝状多细胞生物。另一方面，单细胞蓝细菌具有诸如褪绿和褪绿后复苏等细胞存活调控程序（RCS）。蓝细菌群体中不同基因调控程序的共存可能是生命多样化的一个重要驱动力。开发用于识别和表征RCD的蓝细菌特异性方法，以及更广泛地使用单细胞分析结合基于智能图像的细胞分选和宏基因组学，将有助于更深入地了解潜在的分子机制，并帮助我们解决这些事件中复杂的群体间相互作用。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注RCD在蓝细菌群落中的功能意义。
