Sah Ranjit, Abdelaal Abdelaziz, Reda Abdullah, Katamesh Basant E, Manirambona Emery, Abdelmonem Hanaa, Mehta Rachana, Rabaan Ali A, Alhumaid Saad, Alfouzan Wadha A, Alomar Amer I, Khamis Faryal, Alofi Fadwa S, Aljohani Maha H, Alfaraj Amal H, Alfaresi Mubarak, Al-Jishi Jumana M, Alsalman Jameela, Alynbiawi Ahlam, Almogbel Mohammed S, Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J
Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Pathogens. 2022 Aug 17;11(8):924. doi: 10.3390/pathogens11080924.
Monkeypox is a rare disease but is increasing in incidence in different countries since the first case was diagnosed in the UK by the United Kingdom (UK) Health Security Agency on 6 May 2022. As of 9 August, almost 32,000 cases have been identified in 89 countries. In endemic areas, the monkeypox virus (MPXV) is commonly transmitted through zoonosis, while in non-endemic regions, it is spread through human-to-human transmission. Symptoms can include flu-like symptoms, rash, or sores on the hands, feet, genitalia, or anus. In addition, people who did not take the smallpox vaccine were more likely to be infected than others. The exact pathogenesis and mechanisms are still unclear; however, most identified cases are reported in men who have sex with other men (MSM). According to the CDC, transmission can happen with any sexual or non-sexual contact with the infected person. However, a recent pooled meta-analysis reported that sexual contact is involved in more than 91% of cases. Moreover, it is the first time that semen analysis for many patients has shown positive monkeypox virus DNA. Therefore, in this review, we will describe transmission methods for MPXV while focusing mainly on potential sexual transmission and associated sexually transmitted infections. We will also highlight the preventive measures that can limit the spread of the diseases in this regard.
猴痘是一种罕见疾病，但自2022年5月6日英国卫生安全局在英国确诊首例病例以来，不同国家的发病率一直在上升。截至8月9日，89个国家已报告近32000例病例。在流行地区，猴痘病毒（MPXV）通常通过人畜共患病传播，而在非流行地区，则通过人际传播。症状可能包括流感样症状、皮疹，或手部、足部、生殖器或肛门出现溃疡。此外，未接种天花疫苗的人比其他人更容易感染。确切的发病机制和病因仍不清楚；然而，大多数确诊病例报告于男男性行为者（MSM）。据美国疾病控制与预防中心称，与感染者的任何性接触或非性接触都可能导致传播。然而，最近一项汇总的荟萃分析报告称，超过91%的病例涉及性接触。此外，许多患者的精液分析首次显示猴痘病毒DNA呈阳性。因此，在本综述中，我们将描述MPXV的传播方式，同时主要关注潜在的性传播及相关的性传播感染。我们还将强调在这方面可限制疾病传播的预防措施。
