Eslamkhah Sajjad, Aslan Elif Sibel, Yavas Cuneyd, Akcalı Nermin, Batur Lutfiye Karcıoglu, Abuaisha Asmaa, Yildirim Erva Esma, Solak Mustafa, White Kenneth N
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Biruni University, Istanbul, 34015, Turkey.
Biruni University Research Center (B@MER), Biruni University, Istanbul, 34015, Turkey.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2025 Jan 8. doi: 10.1007/s00210-024-03649-9.
Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a zoonotic disease caused by the Mpox virus (MPXV), which has recently attracted global attention due to its potential for widespread outbreaks. Initially identified in 1958, MPXV primarily spreads to humans through contact with infected wild animals, particularly rodents. Historically confined to Africa, the virus has expanded beyond endemic regions, with notable outbreaks in Europe and North America in 2022, especially among men who have sex with men (MSM). The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the current Mpox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. This review explores the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations of MPXV, along with current treatment strategies and the role of mRNA vaccines. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the changing dynamics of Mpox transmission, which are influenced by factors such as waning immunity from smallpox vaccinations and increased global interconnectedness. The potential for developing multi-epitope vaccines that can stimulate robust immune responses is highlighted, showcasing how bioinformatics can facilitate the identification of immunogenic antigens. Continued research and investment in vaccine development are crucial to address the urgent need for effective candidates that can protect at-risk populations. In summary, this review underscores the necessity for proactive public health measures and collaborative efforts among healthcare authorities, researchers, and communities to mitigate the impact of Mpox and enhance global preparedness for future outbreaks.
猴痘，以前称为猴天花，是一种由猴痘病毒（MPXV）引起的人畜共患病，由于其有广泛暴发的可能性，最近引起了全球关注。MPXV于1958年首次被发现，主要通过与受感染的野生动物，特别是啮齿动物接触传播给人类。该病毒历史上局限于非洲，现已扩展到流行地区以外，2022年在欧洲和北美有显著的暴发，尤其是在男男性行为者（MSM）中。世界卫生组织（WHO）已宣布当前的猴痘疫情为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。本综述探讨了MPXV的流行病学、病理生理学和临床表现，以及当前的治疗策略和mRNA疫苗的作用。它强调了理解猴痘传播动态变化的重要性，这些变化受到诸如天花疫苗接种免疫力下降和全球互联性增加等因素的影响。强调了开发能够刺激强大免疫反应的多表位疫苗的潜力，展示了生物信息学如何有助于识别免疫原性抗原。持续的研究和对疫苗开发的投资对于满足对能够保护高危人群的有效候选疫苗的迫切需求至关重要。总之，本综述强调了采取积极的公共卫生措施以及医疗当局、研究人员和社区之间开展合作努力以减轻猴痘影响并加强全球对未来疫情的防范的必要性。
