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靶向细菌细胞壁的抗生素和含碳水化合物药物：概述

Antibiotics and Carbohydrate-Containing Drugs Targeting Bacterial Cell Envelopes: An Overview.

作者信息

Riu Federico, Ruda Alessandro, Ibba Roberta, Sestito Simona, Lupinu Ilenia, Piras Sandra, Widmalm Göran, Carta Antonio

机构信息

Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy.

Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.

出版信息

Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022 Jul 29;15(8):942. doi: 10.3390/ph15080942.

DOI:10.3390/ph15080942
PMID:36015090
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9414505/
Abstract

Certain bacteria constitute a threat to humans due to their ability to escape host defenses as they easily develop drug resistance. Bacteria are classified into gram-positive and gram-negative according to the composition of the cell membrane structure. Gram-negative bacteria have an additional outer membrane (OM) that is not present in their gram-positive counterpart; the latter instead hold a thicker peptidoglycan (PG) layer. This review covers the main structural and functional properties of cell wall polysaccharides (CWPs) and PG. Drugs targeting CWPs are discussed, both noncarbohydrate-related (β-lactams, fosfomycin, and lipopeptides) and carbohydrate-related (glycopeptides and lipoglycopeptides). Bacterial resistance to these drugs continues to evolve, which calls for novel antibacterial approaches to be developed. The use of carbohydrate-based vaccines as a valid strategy to prevent bacterial infections is also addressed.

摘要

某些细菌对人类构成威胁，因为它们能够逃避宿主防御，并且很容易产生耐药性。根据细胞膜结构的组成，细菌可分为革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌。革兰氏阴性菌有一层额外的外膜（OM），而革兰氏阳性菌没有；革兰氏阳性菌有一层更厚的肽聚糖（PG）层。本综述涵盖了细胞壁多糖（CWP）和PG的主要结构和功能特性。讨论了针对CWP的药物，包括非碳水化合物类（β-内酰胺类、磷霉素和脂肽类）和碳水化合物类（糖肽类和脂糖肽类）。细菌对这些药物的耐药性不断演变，这就需要开发新的抗菌方法。还探讨了使用基于碳水化合物的疫苗作为预防细菌感染的有效策略。

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