Lundin Pamela M, Fiser Briana L, Blackledge Meghan S, Pickett Hannah L, Copeland Abigail L
Department of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, NC 27268, USA.
Department of Physics, High Point University, High Point, NC 27268, USA.
Pharmaceutics. 2022 Aug 2;14(8):1613. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081613.
Bacterial infections due to biofilms account for up to 80% of bacterial infections in humans. With the increased use of antibiotic treatments, indwelling medical devices, disinfectants, and longer hospital stays, antibiotic resistant infections are sharply increasing. Annual deaths are predicted to outpace cancer and diabetes combined by 2050. In the past two decades, both chemical and physical strategies have arisen to combat biofilm formation on surfaces. One such promising chemical strategy is the formation of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM), due to its small layer thickness, strong covalent bonds, typically facile synthesis, and versatility. With the goal of combating biofilm formation, the SAM could be used to tether an antibacterial agent such as a small-molecule antibiotic, nanoparticle, peptide, or polymer to the surface, and limit the agent's release into its environment. This review focuses on the use of SAMs to inhibit biofilm formation, both on their own and by covalent grafting of a biocidal agent, with the potential to be used in indwelling medical devices. We conclude with our perspectives on ongoing challenges and future directions for this field.
由生物膜引起的细菌感染占人类细菌感染的比例高达80%。随着抗生素治疗、植入式医疗器械、消毒剂的使用增加以及住院时间延长，抗生素耐药性感染正在急剧增加。预计到2050年，每年因抗生素耐药性感染导致的死亡人数将超过癌症和糖尿病死亡人数之和。在过去二十年中，已经出现了化学和物理策略来对抗表面生物膜的形成。一种很有前景的化学策略是形成自组装单分子层（SAM），这是由于其层厚度小、共价键强、合成通常简便且具有多功能性。为了对抗生物膜的形成，SAM可用于将抗菌剂（如小分子抗生素、纳米颗粒、肽或聚合物）连接到表面，并限制该试剂释放到其周围环境中。本综述重点关注SAM单独使用以及通过共价接枝杀生物剂来抑制生物膜形成的应用，其具有用于植入式医疗器械的潜力。我们最后阐述了对该领域当前挑战和未来方向的看法。
