Elkatory Marwa R, Soliman Emad A, El Nemr Ahmed, Hassaan Mohamed A, Ragab Safaa, El-Nemr Mohamed A, Pantaleo Antonio
Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, SRTA-City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt.
Marine Pollution Lab, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria 21556, Egypt.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 Aug 9;14(16):3231. doi: 10.3390/polym14163231.
Deposition of wax is considered one of the most significant culprits in transporting petroleum crude oils, particularly at low temperatures. When lowering pressure and temperature during the flow of crude oil, the micelle structure of the crude oil is destabilized, allowing oil viscosity to increase and precipitating paraffin (wax) in the well tubulars and pipeline, which increase the complexity of this culprit. These deposited substances can lead to the plugging of production and flow lines, causing a decline in oil production and, subsequently, bulk economic risks for the oil companies. Hence, various approaches have been commercially employed to prevent or remediate wax deposition. However, further research is still going on to develop more efficient techniques. These techniques can be categorized into chemical, physical, and biological ones and hybridized or combined techniques that apply one or more of these techniques. This review focused on all these technologies and the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies.
蜡沉积被认为是输送石油原油，尤其是在低温下输送原油时最重要的罪魁祸首之一。在原油流动过程中，当压力和温度降低时，原油的胶束结构会变得不稳定，导致油的粘度增加，并在井筒和管道中析出石蜡，这使得这个罪魁祸首的情况更加复杂。这些沉积物质会导致生产和流动管线堵塞，造成石油产量下降，进而给石油公司带来巨大的经济风险。因此，已经有各种方法在商业上用于防止或补救蜡沉积。然而，仍在进行进一步的研究以开发更有效的技术。这些技术可分为化学、物理和生物技术，以及应用这些技术中的一种或多种的混合或组合技术。本综述聚焦于所有这些技术以及这些技术的优缺点。
