De Sarro Caterina, Papadopoli Rosa, Morgante Maria Carmela, Nobile Carmelo Giuseppe Angelo, De Sarro Giovambattista, Pileggi Claudia
Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata of Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy.
Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Aug 14;10(8):1311. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10081311.
Study aim was to investigate the vaccination status against vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD) of frail adults during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and, for those subjects eligible for at least one vaccine, with respect to the recommended vaccination in line with the Italian National Vaccination Prevention Plane (NPVP), to explore the willingness to be vaccinated.
A cross-sectional study was carried out among adults aged ≥ 60, immunocompromised or subjects affected by chronic conditions.
Among the 427 participants, a vaccination coverage rate lower than the targets for all the vaccines considered was found. Of those, 72.6% of subjects stated their willingness to receive recommended vaccinations, and 75.2% of the respondents stated that the advice to undergo vaccinations was received by the General Practitioner (GP). In a multivariable logistic regression model, higher odds of recommended VPD vaccination uptake (defined as having two or more of the recommended vaccinations) were associated with the willingness towards recommended VPD vaccination (Odds Ratio = 3.55, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.39 to 9.07), university education (OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.03 to 3.97), but having another person in the household (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.97), and history of oncological disease (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.87) were predictive of lower odds of vaccination uptake. In another multivariable model, higher odds of willingness to receive vaccines were associated with kidney disease (OR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.01 to 10.5), perceived risk of VPD (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.02 to 3.3), previous influenza vaccination (OR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.8 to 6.5), and previous pneumococcal vaccination (OR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.3 to 7.7), but increasing age (OR = 0.93 per year, 95% CI: 0.91 to 0.97), working (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.20 to 0.78), and fear of vaccine side effects (OR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.68) were predictive of lower odds of willingness to receive vaccines.
Despite specific recommendations, vaccination coverage rates are far below international targets for frail subjects. Reducing missed opportunities for vaccination could be a useful strategy to increase vaccination coverage in frail patients during the routine checks performed by GPs and specialists.
研究目的是调查在新冠疫情期间体弱成年人针对疫苗可预防疾病（VPD）的疫苗接种状况，对于那些至少符合一种疫苗接种条件的受试者，根据意大利国家疫苗预防计划（NPVP）的建议接种情况，探讨其接种意愿。
对年龄≥60岁的成年人、免疫功能低下者或患有慢性病的受试者进行了一项横断面研究。
在427名参与者中，发现所有考虑的疫苗的接种覆盖率均低于目标。其中，72.6%的受试者表示愿意接受推荐的疫苗接种，75.2%的受访者表示从全科医生（GP）处获得了接种建议。在多变量逻辑回归模型中，推荐的VPD疫苗接种率较高（定义为接种两种或更多推荐疫苗）与对推荐的VPD疫苗接种的意愿相关（优势比=3.55，95%置信区间：1.39至9.07）、大学教育程度（OR=2.03，95%CI：1.03至3.97），但家中有其他人（OR=0.52，95%CI：0.28至0.97）以及有肿瘤疾病史（OR=0.39，95%CI：0.18至0.87）预示着较低的疫苗接种率。在另一个多变量模型中，接受疫苗接种意愿较高与肾病（OR=3.3，95%CI：1.01至10.5）、VPD的感知风险（OR=1.9，95%CI：1.02至3.3）、既往流感疫苗接种（OR=3.4，95%CI：1.8至6.5）以及既往肺炎球菌疫苗接种（OR=3.1，95%CI：1.3至7.7）相关，但年龄增长（每年OR=0.93，95%CI：0.91至0.97）、工作（OR=0.40，95%CI：0.20至0.78）以及对疫苗副作用的恐惧（OR=0.38，95%CI：0.21至0.68）预示着较低的接受疫苗接种意愿。
尽管有具体建议，但体弱受试者的疫苗接种覆盖率远低于国际目标。在全科医生和专科医生进行的常规检查中，减少疫苗接种的错失机会可能是提高体弱患者疫苗接种覆盖率的有效策略。
