Singh Bijendra Kumar, Chaudhari Anand Kumar, Das Somenath, Tiwari Shikha, Maurya Akash, Singh Vipin Kumar, Dubey Nawal Kishore
Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study (CAS) in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
Department of Botany, Government Girl's Post Graduate College, Ghazipur, India.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Aug 9;13:970670. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.970670. eCollection 2022.
The present study demonstrates first time investigation on encapsulation of essential oil into chitosan nanoemulsion (AREO-CsNe) with the aim of improvement of its antifungal, and aflatoxin B (AFB) inhibitory performance in real food system. The GC-MS analysis of AREO revealed the presence of linalool (81.46%) as a major component. The successful encapsulation of EO into CsNe was confirmed through SEM, FTIR, and XRD analysis. The release study showed the controlled release of AREO. AREO-CsNe caused complete inhibition of (AFLHPSi-1) growth and AFB production at 0.8 and 0.6 μl/ml, respectively, which was far better than AREO (1.4 and 1.2 μl/ml, respectively). Impairment of ergosterol biosynthesis coupled with enhancement of cellular materials leakage confirmed plasma membrane as the possible antifungal target of both AREO and AREO-CsNe. Significant inhibition of methylglyoxal (AFB inducer) synthesis in AFLHPSi-1 cells by AREO and AREO-CsNe confirmed their novel antiaflatoxigenic mode of action. molecular docking studies revealed effective interaction of linalool with Ver-1 and Omt-A proteins, leading to inhibition of AFB biosynthesis. Further, AREO-CsNe showed enhanced antioxidant activity with IC values 3.792 and 1.706 μl/ml against DPPH and ABTS radicals, respectively. In addition, AREO-CsNe caused 100% protection of stored millets ( seeds) from AFB contamination and lipid peroxidation over a period of 1 year without compromising its sensory properties and exhibited high safety profile with LD value 9538.742 μl/kg body weight. Based on enhanced performance of AREO-CsNe over AREO, it can be recommended as a novel substitute of synthetic preservative for preservation of stored millets.
本研究首次展示了将香精油包封于壳聚糖纳米乳液（AREO-CsNe）中的研究，目的是提高其在实际食品体系中的抗真菌性能以及黄曲霉毒素B（AFB）抑制性能。AREO的气相色谱-质谱分析表明，芳樟醇（81.46%）是主要成分。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和X射线衍射（XRD）分析证实了香精油成功包封于壳聚糖纳米乳液中。释放研究表明AREO呈控释特性。AREO-CsNe分别在0.8和0.6μl/ml时对（AFLHPSi-1）生长和AFB产生具有完全抑制作用，这远优于AREO（分别为1.4和1.2μl/ml）。麦角固醇生物合成受损以及细胞物质渗漏增加证实了质膜是AREO和AREO-CsNe可能的抗真菌靶点。AREO和AREO-CsNe对AFLHPSi-1细胞中甲基乙二醛（AFB诱导剂）合成的显著抑制证实了它们新的抗黄曲霉毒素作用模式。分子对接研究揭示了芳樟醇与Ver-1和Omt-A蛋白的有效相互作用，从而抑制AFB生物合成。此外，AREO-CsNe对二苯基苦味酰基自由基（DPPH）和2,2'-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸自由基（ABTS）的抗氧化活性增强，IC值分别为3.792和1.706μl/ml。此外，AREO-CsNe在1年时间内对储存的小米（种子）提供了100%的保护，使其免受AFB污染和脂质过氧化，同时不影响其感官特性，并且其半数致死量（LD）值为9538.742μl/kg体重，显示出高安全性。基于AREO-CsNe相对于AREO的性能增强，它可被推荐作为一种新型合成防腐剂替代品用于储存小米的保鲜。
