Center of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Disease, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Front Immunol. 2022 Aug 9;13:963533. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.963533. eCollection 2022.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) is one of the most important tumor treatment methods. Although the therapeutic efficiency of immune checkpoint inhibitor mono-therapy is limited, the combination of chemotherapy plus immune checkpoint inhibitors has shown great advantages in cancer treatment. This is mainly due to the fact that tumor reactive T cells could fully provide their anti-tumor function as chemotherapy could not only cause immunogenic cell death to increase antigen presentation, but also improve the immunosuppressive tumor micro-environment to synergize with immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, traditional chemotherapy still has shortcomings such as insufficient drug concentration in tumor region, short drug duration, drug resistance, major adverse events, etc, which might lead to the failure of the therapy. Nano chemotherapeutic drugs, which refer to chemotherapeutic drugs loaded in nano-based drug delivery system, could overcome the above shortcomings of traditional chemotherapeutic drugs to further improve the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors on tumors. Therefore, the scheme of nano chemotherapeutic drugs combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors might lead to improved outcome of cancer patients compared with the scheme of traditional chemotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）是肿瘤治疗最重要的方法之一。尽管免疫检查点抑制剂单药治疗的疗效有限，但化疗联合免疫检查点抑制剂在癌症治疗中显示出了巨大的优势。这主要是因为化疗不仅可以引起免疫原性细胞死亡以增加抗原呈递，还可以改善免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境，与免疫检查点抑制剂协同作用，使肿瘤反应性 T 细胞能够充分发挥其抗肿瘤功能。然而，传统化疗仍存在肿瘤区域药物浓度不足、药物持续时间短、耐药性、严重不良事件等缺点，可能导致治疗失败。纳米化疗药物是指负载在基于纳米的药物递送系统中的化疗药物，可克服传统化疗药物的上述缺点，进一步提高免疫检查点抑制剂对肿瘤的治疗效果。因此，与传统化疗联合免疫检查点抑制剂的方案相比，纳米化疗药物联合免疫检查点抑制剂的方案可能会改善癌症患者的预后。
