Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Department of Ophthalmology, Madrid, Spain.
Turk J Ophthalmol. 2022 Aug 25;52(4):246-251. doi: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2021.46588.
The purpose of this study was to describe the ophthalmologic manifestations found in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to assess their prevalence in the different types of ASD.
This prospective observational study included 344 patients with ASD seen over a period of 8.5 years. They were classified into four subgroups (autism, Asperger syndrome, pervasive developmental disorders not otherwise specified [PDD-NOS], and other). Data obtained from ophthalmological examinations were compared between the groups. Statistical analysis was performed with chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests.
Refractive defects were detected in 48.4% of the patients, with the most prevalent being hyperopia and astigmatism. There was a higher prevalence of myopia in Asperger syndrome. Evaluation of extraocular motility revealed the presence of strabismus in 15.4% of patients, with a statistically significantly higher prevalence in autism and the "other" disorders group. The most frequent type of strabismus was exotropia. Convergence was found to be normal in 43.6% of the patients. Nystagmus was observed in only 0.9% of patients. In the binocular sensory tests performed, patients with Asperger syndrome had significantly better results compared to the other groups. Optic nerve abnormalities were found in 4% of patients, with significantly higher prevalence in the "other" disorders group.
Ophthalmologic manifestations occur more frequently in patients with ASD than in the general child population. Of these, the most frequent are refractive defects and ocular motility disorder. Therefore, we consider it necessary to perform an ophthalmological evaluation in patients with ASDs.
本研究旨在描述自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）患者的眼科表现，并评估其在不同类型 ASD 中的患病率。
本前瞻性观察研究纳入了 344 名在 8.5 年期间就诊的 ASD 患者。他们被分为 4 个亚组（自闭症、阿斯伯格综合征、广泛性发育障碍未特定[PDD-NOS]和其他）。比较了各组之间的眼科检查数据。采用卡方检验、Kruskal-Wallis 检验和 Mann-Whitney 检验进行统计学分析。
48.4%的患者存在屈光不正，最常见的是远视和散光。在阿斯伯格综合征患者中，近视的患病率更高。眼外肌运动评估显示，15.4%的患者存在斜视，自闭症和“其他”障碍组的斜视患病率明显更高。最常见的斜视类型是外斜视。43.6%的患者的集合功能正常。仅 0.9%的患者存在眼球震颤。在进行的双眼感觉测试中，阿斯伯格综合征患者的结果明显优于其他组。4%的患者存在视神经异常，“其他”障碍组的患病率明显更高。
ASD 患者的眼科表现比一般儿童更为常见。其中最常见的是屈光不正和眼球运动障碍。因此，我们认为有必要对 ASD 患者进行眼科评估。
