Zhang Lili, Chen Chaoyan, Li Yao, Suo Chunyu, Zhou Wei, Liu Xiaowei, Deng Yizhuo, Sohail Hamza, Li Ziyi, Liu Fang, Chen Xuehao, Yang Xiaodong
College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
Hortic Res. 2024 Sep 28;11(12):uhae275. doi: 10.1093/hr/uhae275. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Increasing agricultural losses caused by insect infestations are a significant problem, so it is important to generate pest-resistant crop varieties to address this issue. Several reviews have examined aphid-plant interactions from an entomological perspective. However, few have specifically focused on plant resistance mechanisms to aphids and their applications in breeding for aphid resistance. In this review, we first outline the types of resistance to aphids in plants, namely antixenosis, tolerance (cell wall lignification, resistance proteins), and antibiosis, and we discuss strategies based on each of these resistance mechanisms to generate plant varieties with improved resistance. We then outline research on the complex interactions amongst plants, viruses, and aphids, and discuss how aspects of these interactions can be exploited to improve aphid resistance. A deeper understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms related to induced resistance, i.e. the phenomenon where plants become more resistant to a stress they have encountered previously, may allow for its exploitation in breeding for aphid resistance. Wild relatives of crop plants serve as important sources of resistance traits. Genes related to these traits can be introduced into cultivated crop varieties by breeding or genetic modification, and domestication of wild varieties can be used to exploit multiple excellent characteristics, including aphid resistance. Finally, we discuss the use of molecular design breeding, genomic data, and gene editing to generate new aphid-resistant, high-quality crop varieties.
虫害导致的农业损失不断增加是一个重大问题，因此培育抗虫作物品种以解决这一问题至关重要。有几篇综述从昆虫学角度研究了蚜虫与植物的相互作用。然而，很少有研究专门关注植物对蚜虫的抗性机制及其在抗蚜虫育种中的应用。在这篇综述中，我们首先概述植物对蚜虫的抗性类型，即抗生性、耐受性（细胞壁木质化、抗性蛋白）和抗虫性，并讨论基于这些抗性机制来培育抗性增强的植物品种的策略。然后，我们概述了关于植物、病毒和蚜虫之间复杂相互作用的研究，并讨论如何利用这些相互作用的各个方面来提高蚜虫抗性。对与诱导抗性相关的表观遗传机制有更深入的了解，即植物对先前遇到的胁迫变得更具抗性的现象，可能有助于在抗蚜虫育种中加以利用。作物的野生近缘种是抗性性状的重要来源。与这些性状相关的基因可以通过育种或基因改造引入栽培作物品种中，野生品种的驯化可用于利用包括抗蚜虫性在内的多种优良特性。最后，我们讨论利用分子设计育种、基因组数据和基因编辑来培育新的抗蚜虫、高品质作物品种。
