Yehia Nagam Anna, Lai Kira Zhi Hua, Semnani-Azad Zhila, Blanco Mejia Sonia, Bazinet Richard P, Beaudry Jacqueline L, Hanley Anthony J
are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Nutr Rev. 2023 Jan 10;81(2):180-190. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac051.
Despite advances in treatments for cardiometabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, the increasing frequency of these conditions is of major clinical and public health concern. Therefore, primary prevention including diet and lifestyle approaches continues to play a key role in risk reduction. Meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies have documented inverse associations of dairy consumption with the incidence of different cardiometabolic disorders. Dairy is the largest dietary contributor of branched chain fatty acids (BCFAs), which have been suggested to not only serve as biomarkers of dairy consumption but may also have bioactive properties contributing to reducing the risk of cardiometabolic outcomes. To date, however, the literature on this topic has not been systematically reviewed.
The aim here was to report the results of a systematic review of the association of BCFAs with cardiometabolic disorders in humans.
Search terms were developed and run through the Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases.
Articles were selected on the basis of prespecified inclusion criteria and assessed for risk of bias by independent reviewers.
Four studies (n = 2 cross sectional; n = 1 randomized feeding trial and n = 1 pre-post study) were identified. Two studies reported significant inverse associations between serum BCFAs and insulin resistance, triglycerides and/or body mass index. One study identified an inverse association between adipose tissue monomethyl BCFAs and skeletal muscle insulin resistance. In contrast, the randomized feeding trial reported no significant differences to stool BCFA concentrations or body mass index in obese participants following assignment to fruit-vegetable or whole-grain diet groups compared with a refined-grain control group.
Current evidence suggests beneficial associations of circulating BCFAs with cardiometabolic risk phenotypes, although data in human participants are limited, indicating that additional research is required.
CRD42021224975.
尽管在2型糖尿病和肥胖症等心脏代谢疾病的治疗方面取得了进展，但这些疾病发病率的不断上升仍是主要的临床和公共卫生问题。因此，包括饮食和生活方式在内的一级预防在降低风险方面继续发挥关键作用。前瞻性队列研究的荟萃分析记录了乳制品消费与不同心脏代谢疾病发病率之间的负相关关系。乳制品是支链脂肪酸（BCFAs）的最大饮食来源，支链脂肪酸不仅被认为是乳制品消费的生物标志物，还可能具有生物活性特性，有助于降低心脏代谢疾病的风险。然而，迄今为止，关于这一主题的文献尚未得到系统的综述。
本研究旨在报告对支链脂肪酸与人类心脏代谢疾病关联的系统评价结果。
制定检索词并在Ovid MEDLINE、Ovid Embase和Cochrane图书馆数据库中进行检索。
根据预先设定的纳入标准选择文章，并由独立评审员评估偏倚风险。
共纳入4项研究（2项横断面研究；1项随机喂养试验和1项前后对照研究）。两项研究报告血清支链脂肪酸与胰岛素抵抗、甘油三酯和/或体重指数之间存在显著负相关。一项研究发现脂肪组织单甲基支链脂肪酸与骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗之间存在负相关。相比之下，随机喂养试验报告称，与精制谷物对照组相比，肥胖参与者被分配到果蔬或全谷物饮食组后，粪便支链脂肪酸浓度或体重指数没有显著差异。
目前的证据表明循环支链脂肪酸与心脏代谢风险表型之间存在有益关联，尽管人类参与者的数据有限，这表明还需要进一步的研究。
PROSPERO注册号：CRD42021224975。
