Delzenne Nathalie M, Bindels Laure B, Neyrinck Audrey M, Walter Jens
Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium.
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2025 Apr;23(4):225-238. doi: 10.1038/s41579-024-01108-z. Epub 2024 Oct 10.
Dietary fibres constitute a heterogeneous class of nutrients that are key in the prevention of various chronic diseases. Most dietary fibres are fermented by the gut microbiome and may, thereby, modulate the gut microbial ecology and metabolism, impacting human health. Dietary fibres may influence the occurrence of specific bacterial taxa, with this effect varying between individuals. The effect of dietary fibres on microbial diversity is a matter of debate. Most intervention studies with dietary fibres in the context of obesity and related metabolic disorders reveal the need for an accurate assessment of the microbiome to better understand the variable response to dietary fibres. Epidemiological studies confirm that a high dietary fibre intake is strongly associated with a reduced occurrence of many types of cancer. However, there is a need to determine the impact of intervention with specific dietary fibres on cancer risk, therapy efficacy and toxicity, as well as in cancer cachexia. In this Review, we summarize the mechanisms by which the gut microbiome can mediate the physiological benefits of dietary fibres in the contexts of obesity, cardiometabolic diseases and cancer, their incidence being clearly linked to low dietary fibre intake.
膳食纤维是一类异质性营养素，在预防各种慢性疾病中起着关键作用。大多数膳食纤维会被肠道微生物群发酵，从而可能调节肠道微生物生态和代谢，影响人类健康。膳食纤维可能会影响特定细菌类群的出现，这种影响因人而异。膳食纤维对微生物多样性的影响存在争议。大多数在肥胖及相关代谢紊乱背景下进行的膳食纤维干预研究表明，需要准确评估微生物群，以便更好地理解对膳食纤维的可变反应。流行病学研究证实，高膳食纤维摄入量与多种癌症的发生率降低密切相关。然而，有必要确定特定膳食纤维干预对癌症风险、治疗效果和毒性以及癌症恶病质的影响。在本综述中，我们总结了肠道微生物群在肥胖、心脏代谢疾病和癌症背景下介导膳食纤维生理益处的机制，这些疾病的发病率显然与低膳食纤维摄入量有关。
