Department of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, 1376 Storrs Road, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
Environ Manage. 2022 Nov;70(5):827-839. doi: 10.1007/s00267-022-01705-9. Epub 2022 Aug 27.
Throughout history, humans living in the coastal area constantly adapt to the natural environment and create a changing environment. The rapid coastal development occurred in the mid-19th century and peaks in the mid-20th century, which was a common process in most industrialized areas. With increasing population growth and urban sprawl, many coastal lowlands are unprecedently vulnerable to climate change impacts such as sea level rise, increasing extreme storm events, and coastal flooding. Under the influence of urban revitalization and conservation, the landward shoreline movement accelerated and coastal land shrank, accompanied by community retreat. This research focuses on the importance of incorporating an understanding of the changing coastal land-ocean interaction into adaptive management strategies by illustrating the relationship of land use change, social-economic development, and climate change. Typical coastal changes in Connecticut were selected: New Haven Harbor reflects a dramatic seaward land accretion under industrial and transportation development, New London downtown waterfront reveals a trend of building retreat under industrial and commercial transformation and coastal hazard, New London Ocean Beach indicates how overdeveloped coastal low-lying community fully retreat after a natural disaster, and Jordan Cove barrier island shows a highly dynamic coastal land change and proactive management strategy. The results reveal that to cope with a constantly changing shoreline and the challenges of climate change, a resilient management process must incorporate a cycle of learning, experimenting, and creating with the goal of developing new solutions that are able to deal with our ever-changing environment.
纵观历史，沿海地区的人类不断适应自然环境并创造变化的环境。19 世纪中叶开始的快速沿海发展在 20 世纪中叶达到顶峰，这是大多数工业化地区的共同过程。随着人口增长和城市扩张，许多沿海低地前所未有地容易受到气候变化的影响，如海平面上升、极端风暴事件增加和沿海洪水。在城市复兴和保护的影响下，陆地海岸线的移动加速，沿海土地缩小，伴随着社区撤退。本研究通过说明土地利用变化、社会经济发展和气候变化之间的关系，重点研究将对不断变化的沿海陆海相互作用的理解纳入适应性管理策略的重要性。选择了康涅狄格州的典型沿海变化：纽黑文港反映了工业和交通发展下戏剧性的向海土地淤积，新伦敦市中心滨水区揭示了工业和商业转型以及沿海灾害下的建筑撤退趋势，新伦敦海洋滩涂表明在自然灾害后，过度开发的沿海低洼社区如何完全撤退，以及约旦湾防波堤岛展示了高度动态的沿海土地变化和积极的管理策略。结果表明，为了应对不断变化的海岸线和气候变化的挑战，弹性管理过程必须将学习、实验和创造的循环纳入其中，以开发新的解决方案，应对我们不断变化的环境。
