University of Rochester, USA; Stanford University, USA.
UC-Riverside, USA.
Ageing Res Rev. 2022 Nov;81:101724. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101724. Epub 2022 Aug 27.
Cognitive training is a promising tool for slowing or preventing cognitive decline in older adults at-risk for dementia. Its success, however, has been limited by a lack of evidence showing that it reliably causes broad training effects: improvements in cognition across a range of domains that lead to real-world benefits. Here, we propose a framework for enhancing the effect of cognitive training interventions in brain aging. The focus is on (A) developing cognitive training task paradigms that are informed by population-level cognitive characteristics and pathophysiology, and (B) personalizing how these sets are presented to participants during training via feedback loops that aim to optimize "mismatch" between participant capacity and training demands using both adaptation and random variability. In this way, cognitive training can better alter whole-brain topology in a manner that supports broad training effects in the context of brain aging.
认知训练是一种很有前途的工具，可以减缓或预防有痴呆风险的老年人认知能力下降。然而，其成功受到限制，因为缺乏证据表明它能可靠地产生广泛的训练效果：即在认知的多个领域都有提高，从而带来实际的益处。在这里，我们提出了一个增强认知训练干预对大脑老化影响的框架。重点是（A）开发认知训练任务范式，这些范式由人群认知特征和病理生理学提供信息，以及（B）通过反馈循环来个性化这些设置，这些反馈循环旨在通过使用适应性和随机变异性来优化参与者能力和训练需求之间的“不匹配”，从而在大脑老化的背景下更好地改变整个大脑的拓扑结构。
