Ryzhik I V, Pugovkin D V, Salakhov D O, Klindukh M P, Voskoboynikov G M
Murmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladimirskaya Str., 17, Murmansk, 183010, Russia.
Murmansk Arctic State University, Kapitana Egorova Str., 15, Murmansk, 183038, Russia.
Heliyon. 2022 Aug 12;8(8):e10177. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10177. eCollection 2022 Aug.
The changes in the morpho-physiological state of green alga upon exposure to diesel fuel (DF) at concentrations of 20; 100; 1,000; 2,000; 3,000 of maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) were studied. The main physiological stress markers, such as enzymes of the antioxidant system (AOS), non-enzymatic antioxidants (carotenoids) and free amino acids (as components of plant metabolome) were measured. In general, all concentrations of the petroleum product used changed the activity of the antioxidant system, changed the intensity of physiological processes (photosynthesis, free amino acid synthesis) and also affected the structure of microbiomes inhabiting the surface of algae. It was shown that the concentration of DF within 1 mg/l (20 MPC) was not lethal as plants were able to maintain physiological activity and the observed changes were reversible. Although DF exposure caused decreases in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, proline concentration and photosynthetic rate, increases in catalase activity and pigment concentration were observed. After the effects of stress disappeared, most physiological parameters were restored, except for carotenoid content. Higher DF concentrations (100 MPC and higher) caused injury to cell structures and damage to the pigment apparatus. The restoration of functions after the termination of exposure to stress was not achieved. Epiphytic bacterial communities actively responded both to the introduction of a toxicant and to the changing physiological parameters of algae by the change in the numbers of cultured heterotrophic bacteria. The results of this study showed that the concentration of petroleum products in the water decreased to values not exceeding MPC in the presence of algae in the environment.
研究了绿藻在暴露于浓度为最大允许浓度（MPC）的20、100、1000、2000、3000倍的柴油燃料（DF）时形态生理状态的变化。测量了主要的生理应激标志物，如抗氧化系统（AOS）的酶、非酶抗氧化剂（类胡萝卜素）和游离氨基酸（作为植物代谢组的组成部分）。总体而言，所使用的石油产品的所有浓度都改变了抗氧化系统的活性，改变了生理过程（光合作用、游离氨基酸合成）的强度，还影响了栖息在藻类表面的微生物群落结构。结果表明，DF浓度在1mg/l（20MPC）以内不会致死，因为植物能够维持生理活性，且观察到的变化是可逆的。虽然DF暴露导致超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、脯氨酸浓度和光合速率降低，但过氧化氢酶活性和色素浓度却有所增加。应激影响消失后，除类胡萝卜素含量外，大多数生理参数都恢复了。更高的DF浓度（100MPC及以上）会对细胞结构造成损伤并破坏色素装置。应激暴露终止后功能无法恢复。附生细菌群落通过培养的异养细菌数量的变化，对有毒物质的引入和藻类不断变化的生理参数都做出了积极反应。这项研究的结果表明，在环境中有藻类存在的情况下，水中石油产品的浓度会降低至不超过MPC的值。
