Yun Jung-Kuk, Ochirpurev Bolormaa, Eom Sang-Yong, Toriba Akira, Kim Yong-Dae, Kim Heon
Avellino Labs USA Inc., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea.
Heliyon. 2022 Aug 6;8(8):e10120. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10120. eCollection 2022 Aug.
Nitropyrene (1-NP) is a specific indicator of exposure to diesel exhaust and is partly metabolized to 1-aminopyrene (1-AP) and -acetyl-1-aminopyrene (1-NAAP), which are excreted in urine. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of gene polymorphisms of metabolic enzymes for 1-NP on the urinary concentrations of 1-AP and 1-NAAP. The study participants were 70 South Koreans who were occupationally or environmentally exposed to diesel exhaust. To evaluate 1-NP exposure levels, we sampled airborne particulate matters with a personal air sampler and measured urinary 1-AP and 1-NAAP concentrations. The genetic polymorphisms of the 1-NP metabolic enzymes (CYP1A1, CYP1B1, EPHX1, NQO1, and NAT2) were determined by direct sequencing. The mean 1-NP exposure level was 20.40 pg/m, and the mean urinary concentrations of 1-AP and 1-NAAP were 0.074 nM and 0.213 nM, respectively. The correlation coefficient between the 1-NP exposure level and urinary 1-AP concentrations was 0.0138 and that between the 1-NP exposure level and urinary 1-NAAP concentrations was 0.1493, and neither correlation coefficient was statistically significant. The correlation coefficient between the 1-NP exposure level and urinary 1-AP concentrations showed statistically significant differences according to the CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 genotypes, and that between the 1-NP exposure level and urinary 1-NAAP concentrations was significantly different according to the CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and NAT2 genotypes. The urinary concentration of 1-NAAP is a better biomarker for exposure to 1-NP or DEPs because the former is higher, easier to measure, and more strongly correlated with 1-NP exposure levels than that of 1-AP. The relationship between 1-NP exposure and urinary 1-AP or 1-NAAP concentration depends on the single nucleotide polymorphism types of CYP1A1, CYP1B1, NQO1, and NAT2.
硝基芘（1-NP）是接触柴油废气的一项特定指标，它部分代谢为1-氨基芘（1-AP）和1-乙酰基-1-氨基芘（1-NAAP），这些物质通过尿液排出。本研究旨在评估1-NP代谢酶的基因多态性对尿液中1-AP和1-NAAP浓度的影响。研究参与者为70名职业或环境中接触柴油废气的韩国人。为评估1-NP暴露水平，我们使用个人空气采样器采集空气中的颗粒物，并测量尿液中1-AP和1-NAAP的浓度。通过直接测序确定1-NP代谢酶（CYP1A1、CYP1B1、EPHX1、NQO1和NAT2）的基因多态性。1-NP的平均暴露水平为20.40 pg/m，尿液中1-AP和1-NAAP的平均浓度分别为0.074 nM和0.213 nM。1-NP暴露水平与尿液中1-AP浓度之间的相关系数为0.0138，1-NP暴露水平与尿液中1-NAAP浓度之间的相关系数为0.1493，且这两个相关系数均无统计学意义。1-NP暴露水平与尿液中1-AP浓度之间的相关系数根据CYP1A1和CYP1B1基因型显示出统计学显著差异，1-NP暴露水平与尿液中1-NAAP浓度之间的相关系数根据CYP1A1、CYP1B1和NAT2基因型有显著差异。尿液中1-NAAP的浓度是接触1-NP或柴油废气颗粒物的更好生物标志物，因为前者浓度更高、更易于测量，且与1-NP暴露水平的相关性比1-AP更强。1-NP暴露与尿液中1-AP或1-NAAP浓度之间的关系取决于CYP1A1、CYP1B1、NQO1和NAT2的单核苷酸多态性类型。
