Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
Biomed Res Int. 2022 Aug 18;2022:2756147. doi: 10.1155/2022/2756147. eCollection 2022.
Bronchial asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory system. Asthma primarily manifests in reversible airflow limitation and airway inflammation, airway remodeling, and persistent airway hyperresponsiveness. PM2.5, also known as fine particulate matter, is the main component of air pollution and refers to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 m. PM2.5 can be suspended in the air for an extensive time and, in addition, can contain or adsorb heavy metals, toxic gases, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, bacterial viruses, and other harmful substances. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that, in addition to increasing the incidence of asthma, PM2.5 exposure results in a significant increase in the incidence of hospital visits and deaths due to acute asthma attacks. Furthermore, PM2.5 was reported to induce glucocorticoid resistance in asthmatic individuals. Although various countries have implemented strict control measures, due to the wide range of PM2.5 sources, complex components, and unknown pathogenic mechanisms involving the atmosphere, environment, chemistry, and toxicology, PM2.5 damage to human health still cannot be effectively controlled. In this present review, we summarized the current knowledge base regarding the relationship between PM2.5 toxicity and the onset, acute attack prevalence, and steroid sensitivity in asthma.
支气管哮喘是一种常见的呼吸系统慢性炎症性疾病。哮喘主要表现为可逆性气流受限和气道炎症、气道重塑以及持续的气道高反应性。PM2.5，又称细颗粒物，是空气污染的主要成分，指的是空气动力学直径≤2.5μm的颗粒物。PM2.5 可以在空气中长时间悬浮，并且还可以包含或吸附重金属、有毒气体、多环芳烃、细菌病毒等有害物质。流行病学研究表明，PM2.5 暴露不仅会增加哮喘的发病率，还会导致因急性哮喘发作而导致的住院和死亡人数显著增加。此外，有报道称 PM2.5 可诱导哮喘患者的糖皮质激素抵抗。尽管各国已实施严格的控制措施，但由于 PM2.5 来源广泛、成分复杂，以及涉及大气、环境、化学和毒理学的发病机制尚不清楚，因此仍然无法有效控制 PM2.5 对人类健康的损害。在本次综述中，我们总结了目前关于 PM2.5 毒性与哮喘发病、急性发作频率和类固醇敏感性之间关系的知识基础。
