Kiyimba Tonny, Kigozi Fred, Yiga Peter, Mukasa Barbara, Ogwok Patrick, Van der Schueren Bart, Matthys Christophe
Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda.
Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Front Nutr. 2022 Aug 11;9:976744. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.976744. eCollection 2022.
Suboptimal diet and physical inactivity downgrade the putative benefits of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) among People Living with HIV (PLWH). However, there is paucity of literature on dietary intake and cardiometabolic profiles of PLWH in Uganda.
A cross-sectional study among PLWH in Uganda was conducted. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24h recall method of 2 non-consecutive days. The short International Physical Activity Questionnaire assessed participants' physical activity. Fasted blood samples were analyzed for Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c and triglycerides. Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were performed following step 2 of the WHO STEPS.
253 patients completed in this study. A high prevalence of low HDL-c (31.9%), abdominal obesity (44.5%), high BMI (51.6%), raised FBG (45.3%), high SBP (31.5%), elevated triglycerides (26.4%) and metabolic syndrome (28%) was found. More women were identified with metabolic syndrome (31.5%) than men (19.2%). Low prevalence of high LDL-c (4.7%) and total cholesterol (9.8%) was found. Diets had a high carbohydrate (65.8 ± 10.4) E% and fiber intake (30.1 ± 12.7) g with minimal PUFA (6.1 ± 2.3) E%, fruits and vegetables (1.4 servings). High proportions were found of unmet intake for vitamin A (38.2%), B(48.8%), B (29.6%), B (29%), folate (61.4%), Ca (76%), Zn (53.1%) and Mg (41.7%). Mean MET min was 6,700 ± 5,509 and over 68% of the participants had >3,000 MET min.
Our findings reveal a high prevalence of metabolic disturbances among PLWH in Uganda and further highlight that their diets are suboptimal with low fruits and vegetable intake.
饮食不均衡和缺乏身体活动会削弱抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）对艾滋病毒感染者（PLWH）可能带来的益处。然而，关于乌干达艾滋病毒感染者的饮食摄入和心脏代谢状况的文献较少。
在乌干达对艾滋病毒感染者进行了一项横断面研究。采用连续两天的24小时回忆法评估饮食摄入量。使用简短国际体力活动问卷评估参与者的身体活动情况。对空腹血样进行空腹血糖（FBG）、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-c）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-c）和甘油三酯分析。按照世界卫生组织（WHO）的“STEPS”方案第2步进行血压和人体测量。
本研究共纳入253例患者。研究发现，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平低（31.9%）、腹型肥胖（44.5%）、体重指数高（51.6%）、空腹血糖升高（45.3%）、收缩压高（31.5%）、甘油三酯升高（26.4%）以及代谢综合征（28%）的患病率较高。被诊断为代谢综合征的女性（31.5%）多于男性（19.2%）。高LDL-c（4.7%）和总胆固醇（9.8%）的患病率较低。饮食中碳水化合物供能比高（65.8±10.4）E%，膳食纤维摄入量（30.1±12.7）克，多不饱和脂肪酸供能比极低（6.1±2.3）E%，水果和蔬菜摄入量（1.4份）。维生素A（38.2%）、维生素B（48.8%）、维生素B（29.6%）、维生素B（29%）、叶酸（61.4%）、钙（76%）、锌（53.1%）和镁（41.7%）的未达摄入量比例较高。平均代谢当量分钟数为6700±5509，超过68%的参与者代谢当量分钟数>3000。
我们的研究结果显示，乌干达艾滋病毒感染者中代谢紊乱的患病率较高，进一步突出了他们的饮食不理想，水果和蔬菜摄入量低。
