Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.
The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.
ACS Nano. 2022 Oct 25;16(10):15760-15769. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03613. Epub 2022 Aug 29.
Carbon-based nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in nanotechnology. Among them, nanodiamonds (NDs) are suitable for biotechnology and are especially interesting for skin delivery and topical treatments. However, noninvasive detection of NDs within the different skin layers or analyzing their penetration ability is complicated due to the turbid nature of the tissue. The iterative multiplane optical properties extraction (IMOPE) technique detects differences in the optical properties of the measured item by a phase-image analysis method. The phase image is reconstructed by the multiplane Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm. This technique, traditionally, detects differences in the reduced scattering coefficients. Here, however, due to the actual size of the NDs, the IMOPE technique's detection relies on absorption analysis rather than relying on scattering events. In this paper, we use the IMOPE technique to detect the presence of the NDs within tissue-like phantoms. In addition, we perform pigskin experiments to estimate the penetration of the NDs to the different skin layers and show that their presence reduces at deeper layers. The significance signal of the NDs within the epidermis, dermis, and fat layers gradually reduces, with test significance values that are smaller than 10, 10, and 10, respectively. The IMOPE results are corroborated by TEM results and Franz-cell experiments. These results confirm that the IMOPE profiled the skin-permeation of the NDs noninvasively.
碳基纳米粒子（NPs）在纳米技术中得到了广泛的应用。其中，纳米金刚石（NDs）适用于生物技术，特别有趣的是用于皮肤输送和局部治疗。然而，由于组织的混浊性质，非侵入性地检测不同皮肤层内的 NPs 或分析它们的穿透能力是复杂的。迭代多层面光学性质提取（IMOPE）技术通过相位图像分析方法检测测量物体的光学性质差异。相位图像通过多层面 Gerchberg-Saxton 算法重建。该技术传统上检测散射系数的降低差异。然而，由于实际的 ND 尺寸，IMOPE 技术的检测依赖于吸收分析而不是依赖于散射事件。在本文中，我们使用 IMOPE 技术来检测组织样体模内 ND 的存在。此外，我们进行了猪皮实验，以估计 ND 对不同皮肤层的穿透能力，并表明它们的存在在更深的层中减少。NDs 在表皮、真皮和脂肪层中的存在的显著信号逐渐降低，测试显著值分别小于 10、10 和 10。IMOPE 结果得到 TEM 结果和 Franz 细胞实验的证实。这些结果证实 IMOPE 无创地描绘了 ND 的皮肤渗透。
