Caffo Maria, Curcio Antonello, Rajiv Kumar, Caruso Gerardo, Venza Mario, Germanò Antonino
Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Neurosurgical Clinic, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
NIET, National Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi 110007, India.
Cancers (Basel). 2023 Apr 30;15(9):2575. doi: 10.3390/cancers15092575.
Malignant gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults up to an extent of 78% of all primary malignant brain tumors. However, total surgical resection is almost unachievable due to the considerable infiltrative ability of glial cells. The efficacy of current multimodal therapeutic strategies is, furthermore, limited by the lack of specific therapies against malignant cells, and, therefore, the prognosis of these in patients is still very unfavorable. The limitations of conventional therapies, which may result from inefficient delivery of the therapeutic or contrast agent to brain tumors, are major reasons for this unsolved clinical problem. The major problem in brain drug delivery is the presence of the blood-brain barrier, which limits the delivery of many chemotherapeutic agents. Nanoparticles, thanks to their chemical configuration, are able to go through the blood-brain barrier carrying drugs or genes targeted against gliomas. Carbon nanomaterials show distinct properties including electronic properties, a penetrating capability on the cell membrane, high drug-loading and pH-dependent therapeutic unloading capacities, thermal properties, a large surface area, and easy modification with molecules, which render them as suitable candidates for deliver drugs. In this review, we will focus on the potential effectiveness of the use of carbon nanomaterials in the treatment of malignant gliomas and discuss the current progress of in vitro and in vivo researches of carbon nanomaterials-based drug delivery to brain.
恶性胶质瘤是成人中最常见的原发性脑肿瘤，占所有原发性恶性脑肿瘤的78%。然而，由于胶质细胞具有相当强的浸润能力，几乎无法实现完全手术切除。此外，目前的多模式治疗策略的疗效受到缺乏针对恶性细胞的特异性疗法的限制，因此，这些患者的预后仍然非常不理想。传统疗法的局限性，可能是由于治疗剂或造影剂向脑肿瘤的递送效率低下，这是这个尚未解决的临床问题的主要原因。脑药物递送的主要问题是血脑屏障的存在，它限制了许多化疗药物的递送。纳米颗粒由于其化学结构，能够携带针对胶质瘤的药物或基因穿过血脑屏障。碳纳米材料具有独特的性质，包括电子性质、对细胞膜的穿透能力、高载药量和pH依赖性治疗性卸载能力、热性质、大表面积以及易于用分子修饰，这些使其成为递送药物的合适候选者。在这篇综述中，我们将关注碳纳米材料在治疗恶性胶质瘤方面的潜在有效性，并讨论基于碳纳米材料向脑内递送药物的体外和体内研究的当前进展。
