Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
Nucleus. 2022 Dec;13(1):208-220. doi: 10.1080/19491034.2022.2115246.
The kinetochore is a large proteinaceous structure assembled on the centromeres of chromosomes. The complex machinery links chromosomes to the mitotic spindle and is essential for accurate chromosome segregation during cell division. The kinetochore is composed of two submodules: the inner and outer kinetochore. The inner kinetochore is assembled on centromeric chromatin and persists with centromeres throughout the cell cycle. The outer kinetochore attaches microtubules to the inner kinetochore, and assembles only during mitosis. The review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms governing the proper assembly of the outer kinetochore during mitosis and highlights open questions for future investigation.
着丝粒是一种组装在染色体着丝粒上的大型蛋白结构。该复合物将染色体与有丝分裂纺锤体连接起来，对于细胞分裂过程中染色体的准确分离至关重要。着丝粒由两个亚基组成：内着丝粒和外着丝粒。内着丝粒组装在着丝粒染色质上，并在整个细胞周期中与着丝粒一起存在。外着丝粒将微管与内着丝粒连接起来，仅在有丝分裂过程中组装。该综述重点介绍了我们对有丝分裂中外着丝粒正确组装的机制的最新理解，并强调了未来研究的开放性问题。
