Universitat Ramon Llull, Esade Business School, Barcelona, Spain.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2023 Feb;30(1):401-406. doi: 10.3758/s13423-022-02167-0. Epub 2022 Aug 29.
Despite growing diversity, many individuals do not support it, posing a challenge to the successful functioning of societies, institutions, and organizations. We investigated the role of the selective exposure bias on diversity beliefs. In a large-scale nationally representative Spanish sample (N = 2,297), we conducted a time-lagged experiment with two time points 5 months apart in which we offered participants a monetary incentive to (allegedly) read attitude contradictory versus conforming information about societal support for refugees. The selective exposure bias asymmetrically predicted future diversity beliefs. Among individuals with a positive intergroup orientation, the selective exposure bias did not predict future diversity beliefs. However, among individuals with a negative intergroup orientation, the selective exposure bias predicted lower pro-diversity beliefs over time, over and above initial pro-diversity beliefs and ideological dispositions. These findings suggest that the absence of pro-diversity beliefs partly originates from a cognitive bias, holding critical implications for policymakers seeking to improve intergroup relations.
尽管多样性不断增加，但仍有许多人对此表示反对，这给社会、机构和组织的顺利运作带来了挑战。我们研究了选择性暴露偏见对多样性信仰的作用。在一个大规模的、具有全国代表性的西班牙样本（N=2297）中，我们进行了一项时间滞后实验，在该实验中，我们为参与者提供了一个经济奖励，让他们（据称）阅读关于社会对难民支持的态度矛盾与一致的信息。选择性暴露偏见不对称地预测了未来的多样性信仰。在具有积极的群体间取向的个体中，选择性暴露偏见并不能预测未来的多样性信仰。然而，在具有消极的群体间取向的个体中，随着时间的推移，选择性暴露偏见预测了较低的支持多样性的信仰，超过了最初的支持多样性的信仰和意识形态倾向。这些发现表明，对多样性的信仰缺失部分源于认知偏见，这对寻求改善群体间关系的政策制定者具有重要意义。
