Bharti Shreekant, Bharti Mridushri
Pathology/Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Patna, Patna, IND.
Microbiology, Netaji Subhas Medical College and Hospital, Patna, IND.
Cureus. 2022 Jul 26;14(7):e27290. doi: 10.7759/cureus.27290. eCollection 2022 Jul.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder and one of the most common inflammatory diseases of gastrointestinal (GI) tract in young adults. It is now equally prevalent in western countries as well as in Asian countries. Recently, there has been an increasing IBD burden in low- to middle-income countries as opposed to the earlier notion of this being a disease of the affluents. It occurs due to a variety of factors, namely, local immune alteration, disruption and inflammation of the mucosa, environmental factors, microbial commensals, and pathogen-induced genetic predisposition or genetic alteration in protective factors, etc. So far, an exact etiopathogenesis of IBD is yet to be completely elucidated. Several recent types of research have emphasized the role of altered innate and humoral immunity in its causation, many of them based on animal models of IBD. Due to the poor understanding of its etiopathogenesis, IBD is still a challenge for the treating clinicians leading to persistent and recurrent disease in many cases. Immune dysregulation in the GI tract incited by various pathogenic stimuli has gained great attention from researchers in the field of IBD. This review focuses on highlighting the role of various T cell subsets, their interplay, and associated cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of IBD along with a short description of genetic as well as other immunological factors. A better understanding of the pathogenic factors and subsequent randomized controlled trials targeting these factors is prudent for better therapeutic approaches for IBD.
炎症性肠病（IBD）是一种慢性炎症性疾病，是年轻成年人中最常见的胃肠道（GI）炎症性疾病之一。目前在西方国家和亚洲国家中同样普遍。最近，低收入和中等收入国家的IBD负担不断增加，这与之前认为该病是富裕人群疾病的观念相反。它是由多种因素引起 的，即局部免疫改变、黏膜破坏和炎症、环境因素、微生物共生体以及病原体诱导的遗传易感性或保护因子中的基因改变等。到目前为止，IBD的确切病因发病机制尚未完全阐明。最近的几项研究强调了先天性和体液免疫改变在其病因中的作用，其中许多研究基于IBD动物模型。由于对其病因发病机制了解不足，IBD对治疗临床医生来说仍然是一项挑战，在许多情况下会导致疾病持续和复发。胃肠道中由各种致病刺激引发的免疫失调已引起IBD领域研究人员的高度关注。本综述重点强调各种T细胞亚群的作用、它们之间的相互作用以及参与IBD发病机制的相关细胞因子，并简要描述遗传以及其他免疫因素。更好地了解致病因素并随后针对这些因素进行随机对照试验，对于IBD更好的治疗方法来说是明智的。
