Sari Puspa, Judistiani Raden Tina Dewi, Herawati Dewi Marhaeni Diah, Dhamayanti Meita, Hilmanto Dany
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia.
Department of Child Health, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia.
Int J Womens Health. 2022 Aug 23;14:1137-1147. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S376023. eCollection 2022.
Iron deficiency anemia is a common problem among adolescent girls and women, with significant consequences on personal health. One of the causes of iron deficiency anemia is inadequate nutritional intake. This study explores iron-deficiency anemia and associated factors among adolescent girls and women in a rural area of Jatinangor, Indonesia.
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 95 adolescent girls and 85 women between April and November 2018. Cluster random sampling was used to select the participants from seven villages in the Jatinangor district. After obtaining informed consent, we collected sociodemographic data, menstrual histories, and related data, including nutritional intake using 24-hour dietary recall. Anthropometrics were gathered to determine the body mass Index (BMI), and venous blood samples were analyzed for complete blood count and hemoglobin levels. Descriptive statistics followed by bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify anemia-associated factors.
The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among the girls was 21.1% and 9.4% among women, with an average hemoglobin level in adolescents of 10.75 g/dL (± 0.79) and in adults 11.20 g/dL (± 0.61), whereas MCV was 74.49±8.22 fL in adolescents and 7.61±8.62 fL in adults. The majority of our samples were not stunted in growth and were also within a normal weight range. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that protein intake (OR=0.25; 95% CI 0.11-0.58) was a positively associated factor with anemia.
The prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia in this study represents a mild public health problem in the study sample. Based on the hemoglobin level, anemia, can be classified as moderate in adolescents and mild in adults. Low levels of MCH indicate iron-deficiency anemia. Sufficient protein intake did not prevent anemia due to macronutrient and micronutrient intake.
缺铁性贫血是青春期女孩和成年女性中的常见问题，对个人健康有重大影响。缺铁性贫血的原因之一是营养摄入不足。本研究探讨了印度尼西亚贾蒂南戈尔农村地区青春期女孩和成年女性中的缺铁性贫血及相关因素。
于2018年4月至11月对95名青春期女孩和85名成年女性进行了一项横断面研究。采用整群随机抽样从贾蒂南戈尔区的7个村庄中选取参与者。在获得知情同意后，我们收集了社会人口学数据、月经史及相关数据，包括使用24小时饮食回顾法收集的营养摄入情况。收集人体测量数据以确定体重指数（BMI），并对静脉血样本进行全血细胞计数和血红蛋白水平分析。采用描述性统计，随后进行双变量和多变量逻辑回归分析以确定贫血相关因素。
女孩中铁缺铁性贫血的患病率为21.1%，成年女性为9.4%，青少年的平均血红蛋白水平为10.75 g/dL（±0.79），成年人的平均血红蛋白水平为11.20 g/dL（±0.61），而青少年的平均红细胞体积（MCV）为74.49±8.22 fL，成年人的平均红细胞体积为7.61±8.62 fL。我们的大多数样本生长无发育迟缓，且体重范围也正常。多变量逻辑回归分析表明，蛋白质摄入量（比值比=0.25；95%置信区间0.11 - 0.58）是与贫血呈正相关的因素。
本研究中缺铁性贫血的患病率在研究样本中代表了一个轻度的公共卫生问题。根据血红蛋白水平，贫血在青少年中可分类为中度，在成年人中为轻度。平均红细胞血红蛋白含量（MCH）水平低表明缺铁性贫血。由于常量营养素和微量营养素的摄入，充足的蛋白质摄入并不能预防贫血。
